Table 3.
Comparison of brain region structure and neuropsychological tests between diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
| Variables | Diabetes (n = 36) | Non-diabetes (n = 48) | X2 or t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 68.50 ± 7.01 | 69.48 ± 6.43 | -0.665 | 0.508 |
| Education, years | 9.18 ± 3.95 | 9.81 ± 4.15 | -0.697 | 0.488 |
| Male, n (%) | 17 (47.2) | 25 (52.1) | 0.194 | 0.826 |
| Smoker, n (%) | 10 (27.8) | 15 (31.3) | 0.119 | 0.812 |
| Drinker, n (%) | 10 (27.8) | 7 (14.6) | 2.219 | 0.174 |
| Tea drinker, n (%) | 17 (47.2) | 17 (35.4) | 1.190 | 0.369 |
| Take exercise, n (%) | 22 (61.1) | 30 (62.) | 0.017 | 1.000 |
| Hobby, n (%) | 23 (63.9) | 33 (68.8) | 0.219 | 0.649 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 29 (80.6) | 45 (93.8) | 3.415 | 0.091 |
| Total brain volume, cm3 | 1,013.77 ± 104.35 | 1,012.08 ± 106.08 | 0.073 | 0.942 |
| Left hippocampus, mm3 | 3,681.67 ± 417.06 | 3,710.50 ± 397.92 | -0.322 | 0.748 |
| Right hippocampus, mm3 | 3,925.16 ± 453.41 | 3,843.64 ± 454.51 | 0.814 | 0.418 |
| 3rd ventricle, mm3 | 1,546.58 ± 468.30 | 1,618.72 ± 622.81 | -0.582 | 0.562 |
| 4th ventricle, mm3 | 1,898.39 ± 508.09 | 1,684.74 ± 376.02 | 2.216 | 0.029* |
| 5th ventricle, mm3 | 0.00 ± 0.000 | 0.04 ± 0.202 | -1.236 | 0.220 |
| MMSE | 27.50 ± 2.336 | 27.91 ± 2.244 | -0.820 | 0.415 |
| MoCA | 23.50 ± 5.755 | 24.04 ± 3.759 | -0.518 | 0.606 |
*p < 0.05. MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MMSE, Mini-mental State Examination; MCI, mild cognitive impairment.