Table 3.

Expression of inflammation, oxidation, and expression of apoptotic factors in MT-exosomes.

Author (Year)	Anti-Inflammatory	Inflammatory	Antioxidant status	Oxidative stress status	Anti-apoptotic	Apoptosis	Reference
Yea et al. (2021)		TNF- α↓ NFkB↓				Caspase 3↓	(18)
Heo et al. (2020)	TGF-β↑ IL-10↑ Arg-1↑						(49)
Wang et al. (2020)	TGF-β↑ IL-10↑	TNF-α↓ IL-1β↓ IL-18↓ IL-6↓					(74)
Liu et al. (2020)	IL-10↑ Arg-1↑	TNF-α↓ IL-1β↓ iNOS↓					(15)
Alzahrani et al. (2019)	IL-10↑	NFkB↓ IL-1β↓	HO-1↑ SOD↑ CAT↑ GPx↑	MDA↓ NOX2↓	Bcl2↑	Caspase 3↓ PARP1↓ Bax↓	(75)
Sun et al. (2017)		TNF-α↓ IL-1β↓ MMP-9↓	HO-1↑ NQO1↑	NOX2↓		Caspase 3↓ PARP1↓	(76)
Cheng et al. (2017)		TNF-α↓ IL-1β↓ IL-6↓					(42)

↓, Decrease; ↑, Increase; TGF-β, transforming growth factor–β; IL-10, interleukin-10; Arginine-1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor–alpha; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; NFkB, nuclear factor kappa B; IL-18, interleukin-18; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase 9; IL-6, interleukin-6; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; MDA, malondialdehyde; NOX-2, NADPH oxidase 2; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1; NQO1, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; PARP, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; Bax, B-cell lymphoma 2–associated X; Bcl2, B-cell lymphoma 2.