Table 2.
Effect sizes of blended learning outcomes.
| N | Author/year | Effect size (d) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yang (2012) | 0.74 [0.43, 1.06]/0.52 [−0.03, 1.08]/1.26 [−0.75, 3.27]/1.15 [0.70, 1.61]/0.44 [−0.03, 0.90]/1.65 [1.19, 2.11] | 6 |
| 2 | Monteiro and Morrison (2014) | 0.00 [−0.50, 0.50] | 1 |
| 3 | Mueller et al. (2020) | 0.10 [−0.33, 0.53] | 1 |
| 4 | Yick et al. (2019) | −0.09 [−0.48, 0.31] | 1 |
| 5 | McCarthy et al. (2020) | 0.10 [0.02, 0.17]/0.12 [0.05, 0.18]/0.12 [0.05, 0.18] | 3 |
| 6 | Botts et al. (2018) | −0.25 [−0.49, −0.02]/0.53 [0.30, 0.76] | 2 |
| 7 | Al-Qatawneh et al. (2020) | 1.42 [0.96, 1.87]/1.98 [1.48, 2.47] | 2 |
| 8 | Bazelais and Doleck (2018) | 0.60 [0.13, 1.08]/0.44 [−0.03, 0.91] | 2 |
| 9 | Lopez-Perez et al. (2013) | 0.67 [0.55, 0.79] | 1 |
| 10 | Macaruso et al. (2020) | 0.09 [−0.06, 0.24]/0.04 [−0.11, 0.19]/0.25 [0.09, 0.41]/0.17 [0.01, 0.34]/0.09 [−0.08, 0.26]/0.14 [−0.03, 0.31]/0.10 [0.02, 0.17]/0.12 [0.05, 0.18]/0.12 [0.05, 0.18] | 9 |
| 11 | Pérez-Marín and Pascual-Nieto (2012) | 0.13 [−0.22, 0.47] | 1 |
| 12 | Yang et al. (2013) | 0.74 [0.43, 1.06]/0.52 [−0.03, 1.08]/1.26 [−0.75, 3.27]/1.15 [0.70, 1.61]/0.44 [−0.03, 0.90]/1.65 [1.19, 2.11] | 6 |
| 13 | Baepler et al. (2014) | 0.16 [−0.03, 0.35]/−0.18 [−0.38, 0.01]/0.52 [0.32, 0.71]/0.18 [−0.01, 0.38]/0.63 [0.43, 0.82]/0.98 [0.77, 1.18]/1.25 [1.04, 1.46] | 7 |
| 14 | Cortizo et al. (2010) | 0.56 [0.04, 1.07] | 1 |
| 15 | Jia et al. (2012) | 0.28 [−0.12, 0.68]/0.41 [0.01, 0.82]/0.35 [−0.06, 0.75]/0.28 [−0.12, 0.69]/0.24 [−0.16, 0.64]/0.10 [−0.30, 0.50] | 6 |
| 16 | Liu et al. (2016) | 0.31 [−0.12, 0.74]/2.43 [1.86, 3.00]/0.28 [−0.15, 0.71]/2.96 [2.33, 3.59] | 4 |
| 17 | McCutcheon et al. (2018) | 0.65 [0.27, 1.03]/0.47 [0.09, 0.84] | 2 |
| 18 | Olitsky and Cosgrove (2014) | −0.27 [−0.52, −0.02] | 1 |
| 19 | Shorey et al. (2017) | 0.38 [0.13, 0.63] | 1 |
| 20 | Thai et al. (2017) | 0.64 [0.03, 1.25] | 1 |
| 21 | Yeh et al. (2011) | −0.63 [−1.08, −0.18] | 1 |
| 22 | Yen and Lee (2011) | 1.45 [0.35, 2.55] | 1 |
| 23 | Chang et al. (2014) | 0.08 [−0.41, 0.57]/0.52 [0.02, 1.01]/0.26 [−0.22, 0.75]/0.41 [−0.08, 0.90]/0.70 [0.19, 1.20] | 5 |
| 24 | Zhou (2018) | 0.47 [−0.03, 0.97] | 1 |
| 25 | Gordon et al. (2005) | 7.33 [6.42, 8.24] | 1 |
| 26 | Hill et al. (2017) | 0.52 [0.11, 0.94] | 1 |
| 27 | Gong et al. (2021) | 0.262[−0.016, 0.541] | 1 |
| 28 | Ma et al. (2021) | −0.086[−0.461, 0.290] | 1 |
| 29 | Wang et al. (2020) | 0.916[0.501, 1.331] | 1 |
| 30 | Suana et al. (2019) | 0.153[−0.345, 0.652] | 1 |
| 31 | Total | 0.522[0.410, 0.634] | 72 |