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. 2022 Sep 30;24(11):1711–1726. doi: 10.1007/s11886-022-01786-2

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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

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Fig. 1 — The cytokine storm involved in COVID-19 infections is a source of oxidative stress. Viruses and traumas (mental or physical) in general may lead to oxidative stress, which may lead to parasympathetic or sympathetic dysfunction(s), known as dysautonomias (adapted from Rasa et al. [21••])