Table 1.
Global geographic distribution of isolates obtained carbapenem resistance gene from June 2015 to April 2022.
| Country | bla KPC | bla NDM | bla OXA | bla IMP | bla VIM | Multiple carbapenem genes | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | 87.3% (715/819) | 3.3% (27/819) | 1.3% (11/819) | 0.3% (3/819) | 0.2% (2/819) | 7.6% (61/819) blaKPC, blaNDM, blaOXA, blaVIM (8/61); blaKPC, blaOXA, blaVIM (2/61); blaNDM, blaOXA, blaVIM (1/61); blaKPC, blaNDM (10/61); blaKPC, blaOXA (35/61); blaKPC, blaIMP (1/61); blaKPC, blaVIM (1/61); blaNDM, blaOXA (2/61); blaNDM, blaVIM (1/61) |
Yao et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2016; Liu et al., 2017; Zhan et al., 2017; Dong et al., 2018; Feng et al., 2018; Huang et al., 2018; Wei et al., 2018; Gu et al., 2018a,b; Dong et al., 2019; Liu et al., 2019; Liu and Su, 2019; Shen et al., 2019; Shu et al., 2019; Xu et al., 2019; Yuan et al., 2019; Zhou et al., 2019; Li et al., 2019b; Hao et al., 2020; Jin et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020; Zheng et al., 2020; Zhou et al., 2020; Li et al., 2020a,b; Chen et al., 2021; Huang et al., 2021; Jin et al., 2021; Liu et al., 2021; Shao et al., 2021; Su et al., 2021; Xie et al., 2021; Yan et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2021; Zhao et al., 2021; Zhou et al., 2021; Li et al., 2021a,b; Yang et al., 2021b; Wei et al., 2022; Zhou et al., 2022; Yang et al., 2022b |
| India | 0% (0/4) | 0% (0/4) | 75.0% (3/4) | 0% (0/4) | 0% (0/4) | 25.0% (1/4) blaNDM, blaOXA (1/1) |
Shankar et al., 2016; Mukherjee et al., 2020 |
| Iran | 0% (0/133) | 7.6% (10/133) | 54.9% (73/133) | 0% (0/133) | 3.7% (5/133) | 33.8% (45/133) blaNDM, blaOXA (41/41) |
Mohammad Ali Tabrizi et al., 2018; Pajand et al., 2020; Solgi et al., 2020; Banerjee et al., 2021; Bolourchi et al., 2021; Sanikhani et al., 2021 |
| Singapore | 90.0% (45/50) | 0% (0/50) | 0% (0/50) | 0% (0/50) | 0% (0/50) | 10.0% (5/50) blaKPC, blaOXA (5/5) |
Octavia et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2020 |
| Japan | 0% (0/42) | 0% (0/42) | 0% (0/42) | 100.0% (42/42) | 0% (0/42) | 0% (0/42) | Harada et al., 2019; Yonekawa et al., 2020 |
| Russia | 0% (0/30) | 0.7% (2/30) | 70.0% (21/30) | 0% (0/30) | 0% (0/30) | 23.3% (7/30) blaNDM, blaOXA (7/7) |
Lev et al., 2018; Shaidullina et al., 2020; Starkova et al., 2021 |
| Italy | 0% (0/5) | 0% (0/5) | 0% (0/5) | 0% (0/5) | 0% (0/5) | 100% (5/5) blaNDM, blaOXA (5/5) |
Scaltriti et al., 2020; Lorenzin et al., 2022 |
| United Kingdom | 0% (0/17) | 58.9% (10/17) | 23.5% (4/17) | 0% (0/17) | 0% (0/17) | 17.6% (3/17) blaNDM, blaOXA (3/3) |
Roulston et al., 2018; Turton et al., 2018 |
| France | 0% (0/1) | 0% (0/1) | 100.0% (1/1) | 0% (0/1) | 0% (0/1) | 0% (0/1) | Beyrouthy et al., 2020 |
| Germany | 56.0% (60/107) | 4.7% (5/107) | 39.3% (42/107) | 0% (0/107) | 0% (0/107) | 0% (0/107) | Becker et al., 2018 |
| Portugal | 0% (0/1) | 0% (0/1) | 0% (0/1) | 0% (0/1) | 0% (0/1) | 100.0% (1/1) blaKPC, blaOXA (1/1) |
Mendes et al., 2022 |
| United States | 60.0% (3/5) | 0.0% (0/5) | 0.0% (0/5) | 0.0% (0/5) | 0.0% (0/5) | 40.0% (2/5)` blaKPC, blaOXA (2/2) |
Krapp et al., 2017; Karlsson et al., 2019 |
| Canada | 100% (2/2) | 0% (0/2) | 0% (0/2) | 0% (0/2) | 0% (0/2) | 0% (0/2) | Mataseje et al., 2019 |
| Colombia | 100% (1/1) | 0% (0/1) | 0% (0/1) | 0% (0/1) | 0% (0/1) | 0% (0/1) | Saavedra et al., 2021 |
| Egypt | 0% (0/2) | 0% (0/2) | 0% (0/2) | 0% (0/2) | 0% (0/2) | 100.0% (2/2) blaKPC, blaNDM (1/2); blaKPC, blaOXA (1/2) |
Ahmed et al., 2021; Yang et al., 2022c |
| Sudan | 0% (0/10) | 20% (2/10) | 80% (8/10) | 0% (0/10) | 0% (0/10) | 0% (0/10) | Albasha et al., 2020 |
| Total | 67.2% (826/1229) | 4.6% (56/1229) | 13.2% (163/1229) | 3.7% (45/1229) | 0.6% (7/1229) | 10.7% (132/1229) |