Table 1.

Patients’ Characteristics at Admission and Outcomes According to the Presence of Pneumonia at Admission to ICU

	All, n = 23	With Pneumonia, n = 12	Without, Pneumonia n = 11	P
Age, year*	68 [64-75]	72 [62-75]	65 [59-68]	.14
Male sex, n (%)	17 (74)	11.0 (91.7)	6.0 (54.5)	.046
BMI, kg/m2*	23.4 [21.5-28.0]	23.1 [21.9-25.9]	27.5 [20.7-32.4]	.23
Smoking history, pack/year*	40 [25-60]	55 [30-100]	30 [11-45]	.030
Comorbidities, n (%)**
Cardiovascular	14 (60.9)	9 (75)	5(45.5)	.15
Hypertension	9 (40)	5 (41.7)	4 (36.4)	.56
Diabetes mellitus	6 (27)	3 (25)	3 (27.3)	.45
Cancer	4 (18)	2 (16.7)	2 (18.2)	.67
Neurological disease	1 (4.5)	0 (0)	1 (0.4)	.40
Charlson Comorbidity Index	5 [4-6]	5 [4-7]	5 [3-6]	.38
APACHE II score*	15 [12-17]	17.0 [14.2-18.7]	13.0 [10.0-15.0]	.048
SOFA score*	2 [2-4]	3 [2-4]	2 [2-4]	.32
Visual Analog Scale for dyspnea	6 [4-8]	5 [4-9]	7 [5-8]	.56
Pulmonary function test	n = 16	n = 8	n = 8
FEV1 (L)	0.99 [0.79-1.36]	0.68 [0.53-1.45]	1.05 [0.87-1.29]	.91
FEV1, %	37.5 [25.5-46.7]	21.2 [18.0-43.0]	34 [27.5-49.5]	.95
FVC (L)	2.0 [1.5-2.4]	2.0 [1.2-2.5]	1.9 [1.5-2.3]	.67
FVC,%	37.5 [36.7-69.2]	50.5 [36.0-75.0]	44.0 [37.0-56.7]	.75
FEV1/FVC	55.5 [48.5-64.7]	57.0 [50.0-65.0]	53.0 [44.2-63.8]	.37
mMRC Dyspnea Scale, n (%)				.40
1	2 (8.7)	0 (0)	2 (18.2)
2	5 (21.7)	2 (16.7)	3 (27.3)
3	8 (34.8)	6 (50.0)	2 (18.2)
4	8 (34.8)	4 (33.3)	4 (36.4)
AE-COPD* (per year)	2 [1-3]	2.5 [2-3]	2 [1-3]	.52
Hospitalization (per year)*	2 [1-2]	2 [1-2]	2 [1-3]	.82
GOLD COPD stage, n (%)				.90
A	0 (0)	0	0
B	2 (8.7)	1 (8.3)	1 (9.1)
C	4 (17.4)	2 (16.7)	2 (18.2)
D	17 (73.9)	9 (75.0)	8 (73.0)
Baseline ABG parameters
pH	7.37 [7.32−7.40]	7.37 [7.32−7.43]	7.38 [7.32−7.40]	.97
PaCO2 (mmHg)	56.3 [48.3−63.3]	52.8 [43.0−61.7]	59.8 [54.3−64.5]	.17
PaO2 (mmHg)	65.1 [56.7−81.7]	62.3 [52.9−66.2]	71.0 [54.7−91.0]	.11
PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg)	179 [150−222]	167 [142-208]	193 [159-303]	.17
HFNO failure rate, n (%)	5 (21.7)	3 (25)	2 (18)	.67
ICU length of stay, day*	9 [6-9]	9.0 [8.0-9.0]	8.0 [5.0-10.2]	.24
Hospital length of stay, day*	10 [8-11]	11.0 [9.0-29.0]	10.0 [6.7-12.5]	.23
ICU mortality, n (%)	1 (4.3)	1 (8.3)	0	.70
Hospital mortality, n (%)	2 (8.7)	1 (8.3)	1 (9.1)	.95
60-day mortality, n (%)	2 (8.7)	1 (8.3)	1 (9.1)	.99

BMI, body mass index; APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; FEV1, forced expiratory volume; FVC, forced vital capacity; mMRC, Modified Medical Research Council; AE-COPD, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; ABG, arterial blood gas; PaCO₂, partial arterial carbon dioxide pressure; PaO₂, partial arterial oxygen pressure; FiO₂, fractional oxygen; HFNO, high-flow nasal oxygen; ICU, intensive care unit.

*Median [25-75 percentile];**22 patients had one or more coexisting conditions. P < 0.05 values are bolded.