Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and ventilatory support characteristics at admission of patients according to the wave.
| First wave (n = 41) |
Second wave (n = 115) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient’s characteristics | |||
| Sex—no. (%) | |||
| Male | 26 (63.4) | 73 (63.5) | 1.00 |
| Female | 15 (36.6) | 42 (36.5) | |
| Age, yr | 60 (51-67) | 57 (46-66) | .66 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28 (24–33.09) | 29.40 (26.53–34.70) | .22 |
| Known diabetes | 22 (53.7) | 59 (51.3) | .94 |
| Traited hypertension | 25 (61.0) | 63 (54.8) | .62 |
| Immunodeficiencya | 2 (4.9) | 6 (5.2) | 1.00 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 8 (19.5) | 11 (9.6) | .16 |
| Dialysis | 1 (2.4) | 1 (0.9) | 1.00 |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 1 (2.4) | 7 (6.1) | .61 |
| Active smokers | 1 (2.4) | 5 (4.3) | .94 |
| Pregnancy | 1 (2.4) | 6 (5.2) | .77 |
| Clinica frailt scale >5 | 0 (0) | 7(0.06) | .43 |
| Symptoms before ICU admission | |||
| Cough | 22 (53.7) | 74 (64.3) | .31 |
| Shortness of breath | 37 (90.2) | 112 (97.4) | .15 |
| Chest pain | 3 (7.3) | 7 (6.1) | 1.00 |
| Anosmia, ageusia | 3 (7.3) | 11 (9.6) | .90 |
| Myalgia | 6 (14.6) | 12 (10.4) | .66 |
| Fever | 30 (73.2) | 54 (47.0) | .007 |
| Headaches | 9 (22.0) | 23 (20.0) | .97 |
| Diarrhea | 2 (4.9) | 7 (6.1) | 1.00 |
| Altered mental function | 3 (7.3) | 11 (9.6) | .91 |
| Vomitings | 2 (5.0) | 6 (5.2) | 1.00 |
| Clinical characteristics and ICU Scores at admission | |||
| Delay between first symptoms and ICU admission | 6 (3–8) | 7 (4–9) | .25 |
| Fever | 24 (58.5) | 36 (31.9) | .005 |
| IGS2 score | 39 (32–49) | 35 (29–41) | .08 |
| SOFA score | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–4) | .62 |
| WHO clinical progression scale | .03 | ||
| Oxygen by mask or nasal prongs | 4 (9.8) | 1 (0.9) | |
| Oxygen by NIV or High flow | 29 (70.7) | 79 (68.7) | |
| Mechanical ventilation, pO2/FiO2 mm Hg > 150 | 2 (4.9) | 10 (8.7) | |
| Mechanical ventilation, pO2/FiO2 mm Hg < 150 | 6 (14.6) | 25 (21.7) | |
| ROX index (for patients under oxygen therapy) | 4.3 (2.9–6.9) | 4.19 (3.4–4.8) | .13 |
| Laboratory parameters at admission | |||
| pO2/FiO2 mm Hg | 129 (84–180) | 99,5 (78–128) | .08 |
| Fibrinogen | 6.89 (5.62–8.3) | 6.65 (5.84–7.59) | .40 |
| Lymphocyte count >4,8 × 109/L | 26 (66.7) | 88 (80) | .09 |
| CPK | 158 (75–237) | 272 (114–890) | .12 |
| Troponin | 0.03 (0.01–0.08) | 0.02 (0.01–0.06) | .40 |
| CT lung lesions at admission | |||
| Percentage of lung parenchyma affected | |||
| <25% | 0 (0.0) | 13 (11.7) | |
| 25-50% | 8 (21.1) | 28 (25.2) | |
| 50–75% | 10 (26.3) | 45 (40.5) | |
| >75% | 3 (7.9) | 15 (13.5) | |
| Non available data | 17 (44.7) | 4 (3.6) | |
| No CT scan | 0 (0.0) | 6 (5.4) |
Results are expressed as n (%) or median (25th–75th percentiles).
CPK = Creatine PhosphoKinase, CT = computed tomography, ICU = intensive care unit, NIV = non-invasive ventilation, SAPS = simplified acute physiology score, SOFA = sequential organ failure assessment.
a Defined as hematological malignancies, active solid tumor, or having received specific anti-tumor treatment within a year, solid-organ transplant, human immunodeficiency virus, or immunosuppressants.