Table 2.
Evolution at 24 hours, Use of adjunct measures, Major complications and outcomes during ICU stay.
| First wave (n = 41) |
Second wave (n = 115) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics and Score at 24 hr | |||
| SOFA score | 4 (2–6) | 4 (2–6) | .90 |
| ROX index (for patients under oxygen therapy) | 6.85 (4.79–8.8) | 6.05 (5.05–9.57) | .64 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 27 (65.9) | 97 (84.3) | .01 |
| WHO clinical progression scale | .57 | ||
| Oxygen by mask or nasal prongs | 1 (2.4) | 3 (2.6) | |
| Oxygen by NIV or High flow | 18 (43.9) | 33 (28.7) | |
| Mechanical ventilation, pO2/FiO2 mm Hg > 150 |
11 (26.8) | 35 (30.4) | |
| Mechanical ventilation, pO2/FiO2 mm Hg < 150 |
10 (24.4) | 39 (33.9) | |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) | 1 (2.4) | 3 (2.6) | |
| Death | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.7) | |
| Blood gases at 24 hr | |||
| pH | 7.43 (7.36–7.47) | 7.42 (7.37–7.47) | .70 |
| PaCO2, mm Hg | 38 (32–43) | 40.5 (35–45) | .15 |
| HCO3, mmol/L | 26 (22–28) | 27.10 (24–29.9) | .02 |
| Lactate, mmol/L | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | .02 |
| PaO2/FiO2 | 150 (121–215) | 136 (105–175) | .06 |
| Adjunct measures | |||
| Corticosteroidsa | 8 (20.0) | 112 (100.0) | <.001 |
| Continuous neuromuscular blockade, days | 3 (1–6) | 6 (1–12) | .01 |
| Prone positioning, days | 1 (0–2) | 2 (0–4) | .12 |
| ECMO | 2 (0.05) | 4 (0.03) | .40 |
| Tracheotomy | 7 (17.1) | 13 (11.3) | .50 |
| Nitric oxide | 1 (2.4) | 23 (20.0) | .02 |
| Major complications during ICU stay | |||
| Myocarditis | 1 (2.7) | 8 (7.0) | .58 |
| Days between myocarditis onset and first symptoms | 14.00 (8.5–19.5) | 9.5 (7.5–14) | .20 |
| Bradycardiab | 1 (2.7) | 17 (14.8) | .09 |
| Neurocovidc | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.4) | 1.00 |
| Thrombosisd | .06 | ||
| Venous | 0 (0.0) | 9 (8.2) | |
| Pulmonary embolism | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.7) | |
| Artery | 1 (4.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Ventilator Associated Pneumonia | 11 (26.8) | 66 (57.4) | .001 |
| Outcomes | |||
| Duration of invasive ventilation, days | 13 (7–24) | 17 (10–28) | .28 |
| VFD28 | 0.5 (0–8) | 0 (0–13) | .97 |
| ICU length of stay, days | 9 (6–27) | 16 (9.5–28) | .09 |
| Hospital length of stay, days | 20 (10–31) | 19 (12-31) | .65 |
| Day 28 mortality | 10 (25.6) | 36 (31.3) | .64 |
| Areo-medical evacuation | 3 (7.7) | 67 (58.3) | <.001 |
Results are expressed as n (%) or median (25th–75th percentiles).
ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ICU = intensive care unit, NIV = non-invasive ventilation, SOFA = sequential organ failure assessment, VFD28 = ventilator-free days at 28 days.
a
According to RECOVERY protocol[38],
b
Bradycardia under 50 bpm,
c
SARS-Cov-2 positive samples in cerebrospinal fluid,
d
Proven venous or arterial thrombosis.