Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Author/year | Country/region | Numbers of patients (T/C) | Age (year) (T/C) (mean±SD) | APACHE II scores; (T/C) (mean ±SD) | APACHE II scores; (T vs C)(%) | Severity of infection | Intervention | Duration (Day) (T/C) (mean±SD) | Outcome endpoints | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment | Comparator | |||||||||
| Basoli et al. (16) | 20 centers from Italy | 101/100 | 54.4 | 6.4/5.9 | ≤ 10: 80.2% vs 82.6%; 11-20: 19.8% vs 13%; >20: 0 vs 2% | Mild to moderate (not life-threatening) | Ipmcil | Mem | 6.7/7.2 | |
| Brismar et al. (17) | 6 centers from Sweden | 69/65 | 52.9/54 | NA | NA | NA | Tzp | Ipmcil | 5.5/5.9 | |
| Brismar et al. (18) | 7 centers from Sweden | 132/117 | 50.5/51.7 | NA | ≤ 10: 90.9% vs 89.7%; 11-20: 9.1% vs 9.4%; >20: 0 vs 0.9% | NA | Mem | Ipmcil | 5/5 | |
| Chen et al. (19) | 47 centers from China | 207/205 | 47.3 ± 17.74/8.7 ± 17.4 | 5.2 ± 3.38/5.4 ± 3.38 | ≤ 15: 100% vs 100%; >15: 0 vs 0% | NA | Tgc | Ipmcil | 7.5/7.6 | |
| Chen et al. (20) | China | 97/102 | 46.8 ± 18.2/41.0 ± 16.7 | 5.1 ± 3.9 /4.1 ± 2.7 | NA | Mild to moderate | Tgc | Ipmcil | 5/6 | |
| Dela Pena et al. (21) | 48 centers worldwide | 180/190 | 48/49 | 2/2 (median) | >10: 3.9 vs 4.2% | NA | Etp | Tzp | 4-14 | |
| Erasmo et al. (22) | China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Korea, Philippines and Thailand | 149/144 | 42.9 ± 18.3/41.3 ± 17.4 | NA | NA | Moderate:65.4%; Severe:34.6% | Tzp | Ipmcil | 5.6 ± 2.0/5.5 ± 2.1 | |
| Fomin et al. (23) | 94 centers from 27 countries in Europe, South Africa, Australia and Asia | 404/413 | 48.3 ± 18.4/49.5 ± 18.0 | 6.44/ 6.41 | NA | NA | Tgc | Ipmcil | 7.7 ± 2.7/7.8 ± 2.7 | |
| Geroulanos et al. (24) | 12 centers from 6 countries in Europe | 116/116 | 55/54 | NA | NA | Mild: 15.9%; Moderate: 59%; Severe: 24.6% | Mem | Ipmcil | 7.8/8.3 | |
| Kanellakopoulou et al. (25) | Greece | 32/30 | NA | NA | NA | Moderate:100% | Mem | Ipmcil | 7.7/8.6 | |
| Lucasti et al. (26) | 33 centers from Bulgaria, France, India, Lebanon, Poland, Romania, Russia and America | 101/102 | 43.0 ± 15.9/42.6 ± 18.1 | NA | ≤ 10: 83.2% vs 83.3%; 11–25: 16.8% vs 16.7% | Less severely ill | Cazavi | Mem | 6/6.5 | |
| Mazuski et al. (27) | 136 centers from 30 countries | 529/529 | 49.8 ±17.5/50.3 ± 18.3 | NA | ≤ 10: 84.0% vs 83.0%; 11–30: 15.0% vs 15.3%; >30: 0.2% vs 0 | NA | Cazavi | Mem | 8.0 ± 3.3/8.3 ± 3.1 | |
| Namias et al. (28) | 61 centers from America | 247/247 | 49.9/48.7 | 7.2 ± 4.3 / 6.4± 4.8 | ≤ 10: 83.7% vs 83.3%; >10: 16.3% vs 16.7% | NA | Etp | Tzp | 7.0 ± 3.6/7.6 ± 4.0 | |
| Navarro et al. (29) | 53 centers from Latin America, Europe, Asia, Australia and South Africa | 225/225 | 44/43.9 | 3/3 (median) | >10: 2.7% vs. 4.4% | NA | Etp | Ctrx | 6/7 | |
| Oliva et al. (30) | Multicenter worldwide | 247/255 | 42.9 ± 18.0/43.1 ± 17.6 | 5.6 /5.5 | NA | NA | Tgc | Ipmcil | 8.1 ± 2.8/7.9 ± 2.7 | |
| Qin et al. (31) | Centers from China, South Korea and Vietnam | 214/217 | 48.5 ± 16.8/48.5 ± 17.4 | NA | ≤ 10: 93.9% vs. 92.6%; 11-30: 6.1% vs 7.4% | NA | Cazavi | Mem | 6.9 ± 2.9/7.3 ± 2.8 | |
| Qvist (32) | Centers from 19 countries in Europe, Asia, South Africa and the Middle East | 232/235 | 48.55 ± 18.37/46.81 ± 18.38 | 6.22 ± 4.02 / 6.99 ± 4.70 | NA | NA | Tgc | Ctrx | 6.97 ± 3.01/6.93 ± 2.71 | |
| Solomkin et al. (13) | 66 centers from 11 countries | 220/226 | 54.9 ± 17.14/55.4 ± 16.17 | 6.6 ±4.23 /6.8 ±3.94 | NA | NA | Era | Etp | 7.6 ± 2.8/7.6 ± 2.4 | |
| Solomkin et al. (33) | 57 centers from 18 countries | 323/193 | 46.2 ± 19.0/45.4 ± 18.9 | NA | 0–4: 29% vs 28%; 5–9: 41% vs 46%; 10–14: 21% vs 18%; 15–19: 6% vs 6%; 20–24: 2% vs 1%; 25–29: 0.5% vs 0 | NA | Etp | Tzp | ||
| Solomkin et al. (12) | 19 centers from 6 countries | 57/30 | 42.1 ± 17.2/41.8 ± 17.6 | 6.0 ±3.8/6.1 ± 2.7 | NA | NA | Era | Etp | 6.3/6.2 | |
| Solomkin et al. (9) | 65 centers from 11 countries | 195/205 | 50.3 ± 17.7/52.3 ± 18.3 | 6.6 ± 3.8 / 6.4 ± 4.0 | NA | NA | Era | Mem | 4-14 | |
| Tellado et al. (34) | Multi-center worldwide | 323/310 | 46.2 ± 19.0/45.4 ± 18.9 | NA | 0–4: 29.4% vs 29.6 %; 5–9: 41.1% vs 43.3%; 10–14:19.0% vs 18.6%; 15–19: 6.3% vs 7.2% | NA | Etp | Tzp | 6/7 | |
| Towfigh et al. (35) | 53 centers from America, Canada and Latin America | 236/231 | 48/48 | NA | <10: 80% vs 81% 10–15: 16% vs 15% >15: 4% vs 4% | NA | Tgc | Ctrx | 4-14 | |
| Yellin et al. (36) | 19 centers from America and Latin America | 59/55 | 37.8 ± 18.1/41.1 ± 19.0 | NA | 0–4: 36% vs20% 5–9: 39% vs 56%; 10–14: 19% vs 18%; 15–19: 5% vs 2%; 20–24: 0% vs 2% | Mild to moderate | Etp | Ctrx | 7.7 ± 4.3/8.8 ± 5.0 | |
| Zanetti et al. (37) | Centers from Sweden | 71/64 | 59.8 ± 18.5/60.0 ± 18.6 | 5.8 ±3.5/ 6.4 ±4.2 | 0–5: 48% vs 47%; 6–10: 41% vs 39%; 11–15: 10% vs 8%; 16–18: 1% vs 6% | Moderate | Mem | Ipmcil | 9.5 ± 3.6/8.4 ± 2.9 | |
NA, not applicable; SD, standard deviation; Era, eravacycline; Etp, ertapenem; Mem, meropenem; Tgc, tigecycline; Cazavi, ceftazidime/avibactam + metronidazole; Tzp, piperacillin/tazobactam; Ctrx, ceftriaxone + metronidazole; Ipmcil, imipenem/cilastatin; Clinical response; Microbiological response; Mortality; any drug-related adverse events(AEs) leading to discontinuation; ⑤serious AEs(≥ grade 3).