Skip to main content
. 2022 Sep 30;17(9):e0275520. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275520

Table 1. Lists of food items in a dish-based semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire.

Food groups Number Food items
Rice 2 White rice, multi-grain rice
Noodles 2 Noodle soup, noodles
Instant noodles 1 Instant noodles
Dumpling 1 Dumpling
Cereal 1 Cereal
Rice cake 1 Rice cake
Bread 2 Bread, red bean bread
Fats 2 Butter, mayonnaise
Fast foods 3 Pizza, hamburger, fried potatoes
Korean snacks 3 Gimbab, stir-fried rice cake, Korean sausage
Potato 1 Potato
Sweet potato 1 Sweet potato
Beef 6 Bulgogi, roast beef, roasted ribs, short rib soup, soy sauce braised beef, beef tripe
Pork 3 Grilled pork belly, pork cutlet, pork slices,
Processed meat 1 Ham
Chicken 3 Fried chicken, chicken stew, ginseng chicken soup
Egg 1 Egg
Fish 8 Fried white flesh fish, baked white flesh fish, fried external blue-coloured fish, etc.
Shellfish 4 Clam, squid, shrimp, crab
Fish cake 1 Fish cake
Milk/dairy foods 6 Milk, low fat milk, process milk, yogurt, fermented milk, cheese
Beans 5 Bean boiled in soy sauce, bean curd, soybean paste soup, soy milk, soybean paste
Vegetables 18 Lettuce, perilla leaf, cucumber, carrot, chili, garlic, onion, spinach, water parsley, a green pumpkin, etc.
Mushroom 1 Mushroom
Seaweeds 2 Laver, seaweed
Sweets 7 Ice cream, candy, chocolate, snack, soda, cocoa, coffee
Nuts 1 Nuts
Fruits 9 Strawberry, apple, orange, pear, banana, watermelon, melon, grape, peach
Beverages 7 Orange juice, tomato juice, fruit juice, tea, diet drinks, coffee, sports drink
Kimchi 4 Kimchi, kimchi stew, diced radish kimchi, water kimchi