Table 4. The counts (log10 16S rDNA gene copies g-1 of colonic digest) of different bacterial groups measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).
| Bacteria | Dietary patterns | ADHD scores | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy | Processed food | Fish and shellfish | Meat | p-value | Control | ADHD | p-value | |
| Total bacteria | 11.40±0.311) | 11.41±0.21 | 11.24±0.23 | 11.17±0.21 | NS2) | 11.37±0.14 | 10.99±0.24 | NS4) |
| Bifidobacterium | 10.14±0.13 | 10.35±0.21 | 10.11±0.14 | 10.25±0.13 | NS | 10.16±0.08 | 10.41±0.15 | NS |
| Lactobacillus | 8.87±0.17 | 8.59±0.28 | 8.67±0.19 | 8.49±0.26 | NS | 8.67±0.12 | 8.70±0.29 | NS |
| Clostridium | 7.73±0.20 | 7.57±0.33 | 7.38±0.31 | 7.64±0.26 | NS | 7.39±0.13 | 8.51±0.16* | <0.055) |
| Enterobacter | 6.57±0.15b | 7.53±0.19a | 7.18±0.37ab | 7.20±0.26ab | <0.053) | 6.91±0.13 | 7.84±0.28* | <0.05 |
| Escherichia coli | 6.21±0.16 | 6.95±0.36 | 6.75±0.33 | 6.84±0.23 | NS | 6.53±0.14 | 7.22±0.41 | NS |
| Lactobacillus: Enterobacter | 2.30±0.17a | 1.06±0.19b | 1.49±0.41ab | 1.29±0.38ab | <0.05 | 2.09±0.14 | 0.86±0.30* | <0.05 |
1) Values represent the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM)
2) NS, there were no significant differences by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test
3) abc Groups with different letters in the same row are significantly different by one-way ANOVA with Duncan’s multiple range test
4) NS, there were no significant differences by Student’s t-test
5) The statistical significance between the control and ADHD groups was analyzed by the Student’s t-test (*p < 0.05)