. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 30.

Published in final edited form as: Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2019 Mar 31;73:54–66. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2019.03.003

Table 2.

Comparison of developmental and/or developmentally neurotoxic endpoints used to evaluate FR toxicity between regenerating planarians and different alternative developing models. Lowest-effect-level (LEL) or point-of-departure (POD) for each model are listed in µM. Dash (−) indicates there was no toxicity detected at the tested concentration. An empty cell indicates this chemical was not tested in this model. The number in brackets represents the LELs inclusive of concentration-independent and hyper-active effects. Bold text indicates sublethal effects.

		BFRs						OPFRs
Model	Assay	TBPH	BDE-153	TBB	BDE-99	BDE-47	TBBPA	TCEP	IDDP	TCPP	EHDP	IPP	BPDP	TMPP	TPHP
Planarian	Morphology and and/or behavior (LEL)	-	-	-	100	100	10	-	100.5	100	10	10.05	10.05	10	9.95

Zebrafish	Embryonic development (POD)^a					28.2	4.6	-	-		15.3	4.9	9.8	15.4	2
	Developmental behavior (LEL)^b					4	-	12	-		12 [2.1]	3.8 [1.2]	-	4	0.4
	Developmental malformations and/or behavior (LEL) ^c	0.64 [6.4E-4]	6.4 [0.064]	−[6.4E-4]	0.64 [0.0064]	0.0064	0.0064	64 [0.0064]	6.4 [0.0064]	64 [0.64]	64 [0.0064]	0.064	0.64 [0.0064]	0.0064 [0.0064]	0.64 [0.0064]

*Nematode*	Larval development (POD)^a					0.6	10.1	-	3.9		2.3	3.2	3.3	95.5	0.9
*Nematode*	Larval development and/or feeding (LEL)^d				0.16	0.4	3.2	-	2.5		1.6	1.6	2.5	100	0.16

*In vitro*	Mouse stem cell differentiation (POD) ^a					-	1.1	-	-		-	0.4	-	-	-
	Human stem cell neuroprogenitor proliferation (POD) ^a					-	-	-	2.3		1	1.9	2	7.4	-
	Rat neurite outgrowth (POD) ^a					-	-	-	-		-	21	14.9	-	-
	Human stem cell neurite outgrowth (POD) ^a					1	1.2	-	1.1		0.9	0.5	1.2	-	1.1

^a,

data from (Behl et al., 2015)

^b,

data from (Jarema et al., 2015)

^c,

data from (Noyes et al., 2015)

^d,

data from (Behl et al., 2016)