Table 4.

Impact of resveratrol on the expression of genes in the context of gastrointestinal disorders

Type of disease	Dose range	Cell line	Target	Pathway	Function	Refs.
In vivo studies
Intestinal Injury	20 mg/kg	–	TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β	PI3K/AKT/mTOR	RVT via modulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway could reduce intestinal inflammation in irradiated rats	[43]
Liver Fibrosis (LF)	40–200 mg/kg, 10–50 mg/mL	HSC-T6	miR-20a, α-SMA, TIMP-1, TGF-β1, LC3-II, LC3-I, Beclin1, Atg7	PTEN/PI3K/AKT	RVT via the miR-20a-mediated activation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway can inhibit LF	[46]
LF	20–50 mg/kg, 0–125 μg/mL	LX-2	α-SMA, Collagen-I, IκB-α, P65	AKT, NF-κB	RVT via the AKT/NF-κB pathways could attenuate the progression of LF	[47]
In vitro studies
Intestinal Damage	0–50 μM	IPEC-J2, 293 T	Claudin-1, Occludin, ZO-1, Keap1, NFE2L2, SOD-1, HO-1, CAT, GSX-1, Nrf2	PI3K/AKT	RVT via the PI3K/AKT-mediated Nrf2 pathway could protect IPEC-J2 cells against oxidative stress	[44]
Hepatic Fibrosis	3.125, 6.25, 12.5 μM	T-HSC/Cl-6	Collagen-I, α-SMA, TLR4, M8, LXR-α, LXR-β	PI3K/AKT, NF-κB	RVT via modulating NF-κB and the PI3K/AKT pathway could regulate activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs)	[45]