FIGURE 8.

The expression levels of autophagy-associated proteins and the ultrastructure of autophagosomes in the hippocampus of mice under an electron microscope. (A,B) Representative western blotting bands of Beclin-1, ATG3, LC3, and P62 in the hippocampus of mice and their quantification. (C,D) BV2 cells treated with PA medium (100 mM) showed increased expression of Beclin-1, ATG3, LC3, and P62 compared with the CON group (ND, n = 4 mice; HFD, n = 4 mice). (E) Alterations in hippocampal ultrastructure were examined by transmission electron microscopy. (a) The gliocyte lost its cytosol (blue arrow) in ND. N, nucleus; Mi, mitochondria, ×30000. (b) The synaptic structure was intact, with normal histological structure in ND (blue circle). (c) The nucleus condensed, and the chromosomes gathered to assemble chromatin (purple arrow) and widened the nuclear gap (green arrow) and mitochondrial mild swelling (blue circle) and autophagosomes (white circle) in the HFD group. RER, rough endoplasmic reticulum, GB, Golgi bodies ×30000. (d) The structure of presynaptic membrane and synaptic gap is not clear in HFD (red circle) ×30000, scalar bar = 500 μm.