Table 2.
Summary of metrics compared between pediatric survivors and non-survivors of ECPR.
| Metric | Studies | Population | Survivors | Non-survivors | I 2 | P | Risk ratio [95% CI] | Hedge’s g [95% CI] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||||
| Age | 24 | 2610 | 343 ± 1045 | 440 ± 1372 | 72% | .66 | 0.04 [-0.14 - 0.21] | |
| Gender-Male | 18 | 2514 | 55% | 59% | 22% | .28 | 0.93 [0.82 - 1.06] | |
| Race-Asian | 5 | 1408 | 11% | 13% | 0% | .43 | 0.73 [0.27 - 1.95] | |
| Race-Black | 5 | 1286 | 15% | 16% | 31% | .78 | 1.05 [0.66 - 1.68] | |
| Race-Hispanic | 4 | 1087 | 14% | 15% | 0% | .50 | 0.9 [0.68 - 1.21] | |
| Race-White | 5 | 1286 | 61% | 56% | 14% | .54 | 1.05 [0.87 - 1.26] | |
| Weight | 19 | 2380 | 6.3 ± 8.4 | 6.3 ± 9.8 | 74% | .18 | 0.12 [-0.06 - 0.3] | |
| Pre-ECPR lab measurements | ||||||||
| Creatinine | 4 | 193 | 0.83 ± 0.56 | 1.1 ± 0.7 | 21% | <.01 | -0.41 [-0.7 - -0.12] | |
| Bicarbonate | 5 | 1328 | 19.8 ± 8.6 | 20 ± 9.4 | 18% | .68 | 0.03 [-0.18 - 0.25] | |
| Lactate | 11 | 616 | 6.9 ± 6.1 | 9.6 ± 7.6 | 41% | .02 | -0.36 [-0.64 - -0.07] | |
| PaCO2 | 5 | 842 | 55.7 ± 25.0 | 60.2 ± 33.0 | 0% | .045 | -0.13 [-0.26 - 0] | |
| PaO2 | 4 | 1061 | 44.1 ± 44.4 | 38.4 ± 37.5 | 8% | <.01 | 0.25 [0.13 - 0.38] | |
| pH | 15 | 2005 | 7.2 ± 0.2 | 7.1 ± 0.3 | 0% | <.01 | 0.21 [0.09 - 0.33] | |
| Pre-ecpr co-morbidities | ||||||||
| Single ventricle physiology | 12 | 1390 | 39% | 45% | 47% | .35 | 0.85 [0.58 - 1.23] | |
| Primary myocardial disease | 12 | 1580 | 12% | 7% | 31% | .13 | 1.5 [0.87 - 2.6] | |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 3 | 270 | 3% | 5% | 0% | .22 | 0.44 [0.12 - 1.61] | |
| Renal failure | 3 | 129 | 24% | 46% | 0% | <.01 | 0.47 [0.28 - 0.81] | |
| Sepsis | 3 | 1020 | 3% | 6% | 24% | .04 | 0.52 [0.28 - 0.97] | |
| Intra-ECPR characteristics | ||||||||
| CPR duration | 17 | 1204 | 37.3 ± 25.2 | 47.9 ± 38.3 | 37% | .00 | -0.36 [-0.54 - -0.18] | |
| ECMO duration | 21 | 2330 | 96.9 ± 120.3 | 118.9 ± 115.7 | 30% | .00 | -0.23 [-0.36 - -0.1] | |
| ECMO Flow Rate at 24 h | 3 | 786 | 118.5 ± 49.2 | 130.8 ± 53.9 | 0% | .03 | -0.15 [-0.3 - -0.01] | |
| ECMO Flow Rate at 4 h | 4 | 826 | 119.1 ± 51.1 | 124.3 ± 58.2 | 0% | .64 | -0.03 [-0.17 - 0.11] | |
| Site-femoral | 2 | 143 | 11% | 15% | 0% | .43 | 0.71 [0.31 - 1.65] | |
| Site-neck | 6 | 343 | 40% | 43% | 0% | .37 | 0.9 [0.68 - 1.19] | |
| Site-thorax | 6 | 399 | 54% | 54% | 12% | .47 | 1.09 [0.82 - 1.45] | |
| Shockable rhythm | 6 | 1205 | 17% | 11% | 0% | .01 | 1.51 [1.14 - 1.98] | |
| Neurological complications | 9 | 2320 | 17% | 37% | 31% | <.01 | 0.43 [0.32 - 0.58] | |
| Post-ECPR complications | ||||||||
| Pulmonary hemorrhage | 4 | 1076 | 2% | 7% | 49% | <.01 | 0.34 [0.17–0.69] | |
| Renal failure | 4 | 540 | 22% | 48% | 0% | 0 | 0.47 [0.36 - 0.61] | |
| Sepsis | 4 | 243 | 15% | 26% | 0% | .033 | 0.57 [0.34 - 0.96] | |
ECPR = extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation.