Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants.
| Total (n = 117) | EG (n = 57) | CG (n = 60) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 69.73 ± 6.44 | 69.70 ± 6.15 | 69.75 ± 6.76 | .968 | |
| Yrs since menopause | 19.42 ± 6.88 | 19.65 ± 6.70 | 19.20 ± 7.09 | .726 | |
| BMI | 26.83 ± 2.53 | 27.15 ± 2.67 | 26.53 ± 2.38 | .187 | |
| Occupation | Retired | 67 (57.26) | 35 (52.20) | 32 (47.80) | .362 |
| Worker | 33 (28.21) | 15 (45.50) | 18 (54.50) | ||
| Unemployed | 17 (14.53) | 7 (41.20) | 10 (58.80) | ||
| Marital status | Single | 14 (11.97) | 7 (50.0) | 7 (50.0) | .824 |
| Married/cohabiting | 70 (59.83) | 33 (47.10) | 37 (52.90) | ||
| Separated/divorced/ Widowed | 33 (28.21) | 17 (51.5) | 16 (48.5) | ||
| Education | No formal education | 16 (13.68) | 9 (56.20) | 7 (43.80) | .125 |
| Primary education | 75 (64.10) | 40 (53.30) | 35 (46.70) | ||
| Secondary education | 17 (14.53) | 4 (23.50) | 13 (76.50) | ||
| University | 9 (7.69) | 4 (44.40) | 5 (55.60) | ||
| PSQI | Sleep quality | 1.22 ± 9.95 | 1.07 ± 1.03 | 1.37 ± 0.84 | .091 |
| Sleep latency | 1.35 ± 1.22 | 1.25 ± 1.20 | 1.45 ± 1.24 | .367 | |
| Sleep duration | 0.85 ± 0.90 | 0.88 ± 0.89 | 0.82 ± 0.91 | .717 | |
| Sleep efficiency | 0.67 ± 0.91 | 0.61 ± 0.77 | 0.72 ± 1.03 | .544 | |
| Sleep disturbances | 1.36 ± 0.48 | 1.35 ± 0.48 | 1.37 ± 0.49 | .860 | |
| Use of sleeping medication | 1.41 ± 1.17 | 1.30 ± 1.27 | 1.52 ± 1.07 | .314 | |
| Daytime dysfunction | 1.21 ± 0.68 | 1.11 ± 0.75 | 1.32 ± 0.60 | .093 | |
| Total score | 8.07 ± 3.98 | 7.56 ± 4.56 | 8.55 ± 3.31 | .181 | |
| HADS | Anxiety | 7.55 ± 4.39 | 6.84 ± 3.81 | 8.22 ± 4.81 | .091 |
| Depression | 9.06 ± 3.41 | 8.53 ± 3.52 | 9.57 ± 3.24 | .099 |
Data are expressed as mean and standard deviation. Qualitative variables are presented as frequency and percentage.
BMI = body mass index, CG = control group, EG = experimental group, HADS: hospital anxiety and depression scale, PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale.