Table 3.

Comparison of neck range of motion within and between groups.

Variables		Resistance training group (n = 21)	Trapezius massage group (n = 20)	Difference (post-pre)		95% CI	t	P ‡
				Resistance training group	Trapezius massage group
Flexion (degree)	Pre	44.19 (4.65)	43.15 (4.66)	−5.48 (2.01)	−4.50 (1.15)	−2.02 to 0.07	−1.89	.07
	Post	49.67 (3.18)	47.65 (4.99)
	t	−12.45	−17.54
	P †	0.00*	0.00*
Extension (degree)	Pre	61.71 (5.44)	62.85 (6.60)	−2.90 (1.64)	−2.05 (1.36)	−1.81 to 0.10	−1.81	.08
	Post	64.62 (6.58)	64.90 (5.74)
	t	−8.11	−6.76
	P †	0.00*	0.00*
Lateral bending (right, degree)	Pre	37.19 (4.92)	37.55 (5.36)	−4.28 (1.45)	−3.65 (0.87)	−1.40 to 0.13	−1.68	.10
	Post	41.47 (5.94)	41.20 (4.75)
	t	−13.51	−18.65
	P †	0.00*	0.00*
Lateral bending (left, degree)	Pre	37.28 (4.63)	37.40 (5.24)	−4.24 (1.58)	−3.60 (1.39)	−1.58 to 0.30	−1.37	.18
	Post	41.52 (5.78)	41.00 (5.12)
	T	−12.31	−11.57
	P †	0.00*	0.00*
Rotation (right, degree)	Pre	65.28 (5.47)	65.35 (6.19)	−9.57 (1.36)	−7.40 (1.46)	−3.06 to −1.28	−4.92	.00*
	Post	74.86 (5.65)	72.75 (6.20)
	t	−32.19	−22.58
	P †	0.00*	0.00*
Rotation (left, degree)	Pre	65.76 (5.79)	65.75 (5.26)	−8.81 (1.25)	−7.80 (1.44)	−1.86 to −0.16	−2.40	.02*
	Post	74.57 (5.90)	73.55 (5.93)
	t	−32.30	−24.28
	P †	0.00*	0.00*

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

CI = confidence interval.

^†Paired t test.

^‡Independent t test.

^*P < .05.