Table 3.
Stepwise regression analysis for demographic characteristics, dietary habits, and lifestyle behaviors and associations with TCMC.
| Variables | Normal constitution | Unbalanced constitution types | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balanced | Yang deficiency | Yin deficiency | Phlegm stasis | |||||
| AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | |
| Age (yr) | 0.98 | (0.97–0.99)*** | 0.98 | (0.97–0.99)* | ||||
| BMI | 0.95 | (0.91–0.99)** | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female vs male | 0.3 | (0.24–0.37)*** | 3.87 | (2.96–50.6)*** | 3.15 | (2.47–4.01)*** | 4.98 | (3.61–6.85)*** |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||||
| Yes vs no | ||||||||
| Cigarette smoking | ||||||||
| Yes vs no | 0.69 | (0.54–0.89)** | 1.72 | (1.29–2.31)*** | 1.55 | (1.18–2.02)** | 2.04 | (1.45–2.85)*** |
| Exercise | ||||||||
| Yes vs No | 0.75 | (0.58–0.97)* | ||||||
| Tea drinking | ||||||||
| Yes vs no | 0.79 | (0.65–0.97)** | ||||||
| Consumption of midnight snacks | ||||||||
| Yes vs no | 0.71 | (0.58–0.86)*** | 1.46 | (1.17–1.83)** | 1.27 | (1.03–1.57)** | 1.54 | (1.20–1.98)** |
| Dietary habits | ||||||||
| Consumption of gravy-soaked or lard-soaked rice/noodles | ||||||||
| Occasional vs rare | 0.75 | (0.56–1.01) | 1.38 | (0.99–1.92) | 1.5 | (1.11–2.04)** | 1.62 | (1.13–2.32)* |
| Frequent vs rare | 0.63 | (0.49–0.81)*** | 1.5 | (1.13–1.99)** | 1.6 | (1.24–2.08)*** | 1.64 | (1.20–2.23)** |
| Consumption of deep-fried soybean products | ||||||||
| Occasional vs rare | 0.7 | (0.53–0.28)* | 1.34 | (0.98–1.83) | 1.37 | (1.03–1.83)* | ||
| Frequent vs rare | 0.65 | (0.48–0.90)* | 1.46 | (1.03–2.07)* | 1.45 | (10.4–2.01)* | ||
| Consumption of bread spread | ||||||||
| Occasional vs rare | 0.59 | (0.41–0.86)* | 1.62 | (1.08–2.43)* | 1.68 | (1.08–2.62)* | ||
| Frequent vs rare | 0.7 | (0.49–1.00)* | 1.57 | (1.08–2.29)* | 1.67 | (1.11–2.49)** | ||
| Consumption of pickled vegetables as side dishes during meals | ||||||||
| Occasional vs rare | 0.55 | (0.35–0.87)* | 2.1 | (1.31–3.37)** | ||||
| Frequent vs rare | 1.86 | (1.04–3.32)* | 0.65 | (0.34–1.28) | ||||
| Consumption of at least 2 types of vegetables per day | ||||||||
| Occasional vs rare | 0.56 | (0.34–0.93)* | 1.88 | (1.11–3.17)* | 2 | (1.07–3.74)* | ||
| Frequent vs rare | 1.07 | (0.73–1.58) | 0.86 | (0.57–1.29) | 1.09 | (0.66–1.81) | ||
| Consumption of low-sodium products | ||||||||
| Occasional vs rare | 1.63 | (1.12–2.36)* | 1.6 | (1.06–2.41)* | ||||
| Frequent vs rare | 1.33 | (1.07–1.65)* | 1.37 | (1.07–1.75)* | ||||
| Consumption of vegetables or fruits instead of high-fat desserts | ||||||||
| Occasional vs rare | 0.97 | (0.74–1.27) | ||||||
| Frequent vs rare | 1.31 | (1.08–1.60)** | ||||||
| Consumption of fried dishes | ||||||||
| Occasional vs rare | 1.43 | (1.07–1.92)* | ||||||
| Frequent vs rare | 1.5 | (1.15–1.93)* | ||||||
| Consumption of low-fat foods instead of general products | ||||||||
| Occasional vs rare | 1.58 | (1.11–2.25)* | ||||||
| Frequent vs rare | 1.18 | (0.96–1.46) | ||||||
Adjusting for age, BMI, sex, lifestyle behavior, and dietary habits.
AOR = adjusted odds ratio, BMI = body mass index, CI = confidence interval, TCMC = traditional Chinese medicine constitution.
*
P < .05.
**
P < .01.
***
P < .001.