Table 2.
Baseline clinicopathological characteristics of matched populations.
| RATS (N = 97) | VATS (N = 97) | OL (N = 97) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y), mean ± SD | 77.39 ± 2.63 | 77.12 ± 1.96 | 77.58 ± 2.51 | 0.555 |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.423 | |||
| Male Female |
60 (61.86%) 37 (38.14%) |
61 (62.89%) 36 (37.11%) |
68 (70.10%) 29 (29.90%) |
|
| Smoking status, n (%) | 0.951 | |||
| Never Former Active |
42 (43.30%) 17 (17.53%) 38 (39.18%) |
44 (45.36%) 16 (16.49%) 37 (38.14%) |
39 (40.21%) 16 (16.49%) 42 (42.30%) |
|
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 23.92 ± 3.04 | 23.91 ± 3.36 | 23.66 ± 3.05 | 0.892 |
| DM, n (%) | 15 (15.46%) | 13 (13.40%) | 12 (12.37%) | 0.816 |
| CAD, n (%) | 10 (10.31%) | 12 (12.37%) | 12 (12.37%) | 0.875 |
| HP, n (%) | 38 (39.18%) | 40 (41.23%) | 37 (38.14%) | 0.904 |
| COPD, n (%) | 8 (8.25%) | 7 (7.22%) | 7 (7.22%) | 0.952 |
| FEV1 (% of predicted), mean ± SD | 88.85 ± 18.69 | 89.48 ± 14.77 | 88.17 ± 17.36 | 0.876 |
| DLCO (% of predicted), mean ± SD | 88.94 ± 18.32 | 89.81 ± 15.47 | 88.68 ± 17.28 | 0.803 |
| History of malignancy, n (%) | 2 (2.06%) | 3 (3.09%) | 3 (3.09%) | 1.000 |
| Tumor location, n (%) | 0.959 | |||
| Right upper lobe Right middle lobe Right lower lobe Left upper lobe Left lower lobe |
36 (37.11%) 16 (16.49%) 15 (15.46%) 10 (10.31%) 20 (20.62%) |
39 (40.21%) 12 (12.37%) 13 (13.40%) 14 (14.43%) 19 (19.59%) |
37 (38.14%) 14 (14.43%) 12 (12.37%) 16 (16.49%) 18 (18.56%) |
|
| Histology type, n (%) | 0.840 | |||
| TIS/MIA Adenocarcinoma Squamous cell Mixed/large cell/others |
0 (0.00%) 72 (74.23%) 16 (16.49%) 9 (9.28%) |
0 (0.00%) 71 (73.20%) 19 (19.59%) 7 (7.22%) |
0 (0.00%) 67 (69.07%) 19 (19.59%) 11 (11.34%) |
|
| Tumor size (cm), mean ± SD | 2.85 ± 1.15 | 2.75 ± 1.35 | 2.90 ± 1.26 | 0.693 |
| Visceral pleural invasion, n (%) | 21 (21.65%) | 20 (20.62%) | 26 (26.80%) | 0.548 |
| Pathological T stage, n (%) | 0.981 | |||
| pTis pT1 pT2 pT3 pT4 |
0 (0.00%) 49 (50.52%) 41 (42.27%) 6 (6.19%) 1 (1.03%) |
0 (0.00%) 47 (48.45%) 40 (41.24%) 8 (8.25%) 2 (2.06%) |
0 (0.00%) 47 (48.45%) 40 (41.24%) 9 (9.28%) 1 (1.03%) |
|
| Pathological N stage, n (%) | 0.228 | |||
| pN0 pN1 pN2 |
79 (81.44%) 13 (13.40%) 5 (5.15%) |
76 (78.35%) 13 (13.40%) 8 (8.25%) |
66 (68.04%) 21 (21.65%) 10 (10.31%) |
|
| Pathological TNM stage, n (%) | 0.707 | |||
| 0 IA IB IIA IIB IIIA IIIB |
0 (0.00%) 46 (47.42%) 22 (22.68%) 6 (6.19%) 14 (14.43%) 9 (9.28%) 0 (0.00%) |
0 (0.00%) 41 (42.27%) 21 (21.65%) 6 (6.19%) 18 (18.56%) 10 (10.31%) 1 (1.03%) |
0 (0.00%) 36 (37.11%) 19 (19.59%) 4 (4.12%) 26 (26.80%) 11 (11.34%) 1 (1.03%) |
RATS, robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; VATS, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; OL, open lobectomy; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; CAD, coronary artery disease; HP, hypertension; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; DLCO, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; AIS, adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma.