Fig. 2. Habitat transition rates and number of transition events estimated for each major eukaryotic lineage.

a, Posterior probability distributions of the global rate of habitat evolution, which indicate the overall speed at which transitions between marine and non-marine habitats have occurred in each clade regardless of direction. Rates were estimated along clade-specific phylogenies (Extended Data Fig. 6) using MCMC in BayesTraits with a normalized transition matrix. b, The posterior probability distribution of transition rates from marine to non-marine habitats (top in orange) and from non-marine to marine habitats (below in blue). c,d, Number of transitions from marine to non-marine habitats (c) and in the reverse direction (d) for each clade as estimated by PASTML using maximum likelihood (Methods). The boxplots in c and d show the median as centre line, box sizes indicate the lower (Q1) and upper (Q3) quartiles, whiskers indicate extreme values within 1.5× the interquartile range and dots beyond the whiskers indicate outliers.