Fig. 5. Potential reductions in life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by increasing clinker and cement substitution using secondary cementitious materials (CMs) in several countries.

a Potential percent reduction in GHG emissions from cement production (via increased utilization of secondary CMs, left side) and percent reduction in country-level total GHG emissions in 2018 when substituting clinker with secondary CMs (right side). b Current (2018) and potential (via increased utilization of secondary CMs) GHG emissions in Mt CO₂-eq. for cradle-to-gate cement production. Note the y-axis is cut to show GHG emissions from cement production in China and other countries using the same scale.