Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Sep 30;12:16459. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-20816-1

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

(a) Mean normalized RE and (b) SSIM of start frame 20 and all consecutive frames with more than 15 corresponding manual annotations. Mean normalized RE and SSIM are shown for single homography estimation (A-KAZE, ORB1000, BRISK, and manual annotation) and MG-DHNN (original and fine-tuned). Additionally, SSIM is shown without any applied transformation. Frames labeled with * are very similar to the start frame and show a high SSIM without transformation. The mean normalized RE shows higher values for these frames because of the very small moved distances of the manual annotations. However, the SSIM of the transformed frames is still higher than without transformation. Frames labeled with ~ include tissue deformations caused by surgical instruments. From frame number 390 on, large parts of the image are partially occluded by two instruments in the field of view.