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. 2022 Feb 25;43(10):2624–2635. doi: 10.1038/s41401-022-00885-8

Fig. 1. Dapa directly protects cardiomyocytes against palmitic acid-induced cellular fibrosis and apoptosis.

Fig. 1

a–c Dapa attenuated PA-induced cardiomyocyte fibrosis and hypertrophy. H9c2 cells were pretreated with Dapa, and were then stimulated with PA for 24 h. a Cell lysates were collected and proteins of β-MyHc, Col-1, and TGF-β were detected with GAPDH as loading control. b Total mRNA of H9c2 cells was isolated, and mRNA levels of fibrotic genes were detected with β-actin as the normalization control. c H9c2 cells were stained with rhodamine-phalloidin, and counterstained with DAPI. Representative images were shown (scale bar = 20 μm). d–f Dapa attenuated PA-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. H9c2 cells were pretreated with Dapa, and were then stimulated with PA for 24 h. d Cell lysates were collected and proteins of Bcl-2, Bax and Cleaved-Caspase-3 were detected with GAPDH as loading control. Quantifications were shown in the right panel. e H9c2 cells were stained with TUNEL kit, and counterstained with DAPI. Representative images were shown (scale bar = 25 μm). f H9c2 cells were digested and stained with Annexin V-PI apoptosis kit, cells were then detected using flow cytometry. Representative images were shown. n = 3; Means ± SEM; One-way ANOVA followed by Turkey post-hoc tests; *P < 0.05, compared with Ctrl group, #P < 0.05, compared with PA group.