Table 3.
Baselines characteristics of patients in the studies included in the NMA
| Author & year | Treatment | ITT population, n | Male, % | Age, years | Current smokers, % | Severe or very severe COPD, % | Concomitant ICS, % | Mean/median duration of COPD, yearsa | Smoking history, pack-years | Trough mean/median pre-bronchodilator FEV1, La | Mean/median post-bronchodilator FEV1, La | Pre-bronchodilator FEV1% predicted | Post-bronchodilator FEV1% predicted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lipworth, 2018 [30] | GLY/FOR (MDI) 18/9.6 | 551 | 74.0 | 64.7 | 45.7 |
Severe: 34.8 Very severe: 4.2 |
30.7 | 6.2 | 45.9 | NR | NR | NR | 53.9 |
| GLY 18 | 474 | 73.0 | 64.0 | 44.1 |
Severe: 35.4 Very severe: 3.0 |
30.2 | 6.2 | 44.8 | NR | NR | NR | 54.8 | |
| FOR 9.6 | 480 | 76.0 | 64.1 | 43.3 |
Severe: 35.6 Very severe: 2.9 |
29.6 | 6.1 | 46.9 | NR | NR | NR | 53.9 | |
| PBO | 235 | 72.8 | 63.9 | 48.1 |
Severe: 36.6 Very severe: 2.6 |
33.6 | 6.1 | 45.7 | NR | NR | NR | 54.4 | |
|
Singh, 2015 [31] (OTEMTO 1) |
TIO + OLO 5/5 | 203 | 56.2 | 64.7 | 54.7 |
GOLD 3: 36.0 GOLD 4: 0 |
41.9 | NR | NR | 1.3 | 1.5 | NR | 54.9 |
| TIO + OLO 2.5/5 | 202 | 57.4 | 64.7 | 48.5 |
GOLD 3: 34.2 GOLD 4: 0.5 |
38.6 | NR | NR | 1.3 | 1.5 | NR | 55.5 | |
| TIO 5 | 203 | 61.1 | 64.9 | 48.3 |
GOLD 3: 36.0 GOLD 4: 1.0 |
37.9 | NR | NR | 1.3 | 1.5 | NR | 54.7 | |
| PBO | 204 | 62.3 | 65.1 | 43.1 |
GOLD 3: 36.0 GOLD 4: 0.5 |
34.8 | NR | NR | 1.4 | 1.6 | NR | 56.3 | |
|
Singh, 2015 [31] (OTEMTO 2) |
TIO + OLO 5/5 | 202 | 65.8 | 65.2 | 45.5 |
GOLD 3: 38.1 GOLD 4: 0 |
35.6 | NR | NR | 1.4 | 1.6 | NR | 54.8 |
| TIO + OLO 2.5/5 | 202 | 62.4 | 64.4 | 44.6 |
GOLD 3: 34.7 GOLD 4: 1.5 |
41.1 | NR | NR | 1.3 | 1.5 | NR | 54.5 | |
| TIO 5 | 203 | 64.0 | 64.7 | 44.8 |
GOLD 3: 32.5 GOLD 4: 0 |
35.0 | NR | NR | 1.4 | 1.6 | NR | 55.9 | |
| PBO | 202 | 57.9 | 64.0 | 47.0 |
GOLD 3: 39.1 GOLD 4: 0.5 |
35.1 | NR | NR | 1.3 | 1.5 | NR | 54.3 | |
| Vogelmeier, 2008 [32] | FOR 10 | 210 | 75.7 | 61.8 | NR | NR | NR | 7 | 35.4 | 1.5 | NR | 51.6 | NR |
| TIO 18 | 221 | 79.2 | 63.4 | NR | NR | NR | 6.9 | 38.6 | 1.5 | NR | 51.6 | NR | |
| TIO 18 + FOR 10 | 207 | 79.2 | 62.6 | NR | NR | NR | 7.2 (7.0) | 37.9 | 1.5 | NR | 50.4 | NR | |
| PBO | 209 | 77.5 | 62.5 | NR | NR | NR | 6.7 | 40.1 | 1.5 | NR | 51.1 | NR | |
| Maleki-Yazdi, 2014 [33] | UMEC/VI 62.5/25 | 454 | 68.0 | 61.9 | 59.0 | 60.0 | 54.0 | NR | 44.1 | 1.3 |
Post salbutamol: 1.4 Post ipratropium: 1.5 |
NR | 46.2 |
| TIO 18 | 451 | 67.0 | 62.7 | 54.0 | 58.0 | 53.0 | NR | 44.4 | 1.3 |
Post salbutamol: 1.4 Post ipratropium: 1.5 |
NR | 46.5 | |
| Calverley, 2018 [34] | TIO/OLO 5/5 | 3939 | 71.0 | 66.5 | 36.0 |
GOLD C: 4.0 GOLD D: 40 |
ICS only: 3 LABA–ICS: 26 LAMA–ICS: 2 LAMA–LABA–ICS: 39 |
NR | 44.8 | NR | 1.2 | NR | 44.6 |
| TIO 5 | 3941 | 72.0 | 66.3 | 36.0 |
GOLD C: 4.0 GOLD D: 39 |
ICS only: 2 LABA–ICS: 26 LAMA–ICS: 2 LAMA–LABA–ICS: 40 |
NR | 44.7 | NR | 1.2 | NR | 44.5 | |
| Kerwin, 2017 [49] (A2349) | IND/GLY 27.5/15.6 BID and UMEC/VI 62.5/25 | 357 | 52.1 | 64.1 | 56.9 | GOLD 3: 35.6 | 36.1 | 8.1 | 52.3 | 1.2 | 1.5 | NR | 54.0 |
| Kerwin, 2017 [49] (A2350) | IND/GLY 27.5/15.6 BID and UMEC/VI 62.5/25 | 355 | 54.1 | 63.9 | 57.2 | GOLD 3: 37.5 | 36.1 | 8.4 | 54.0 | 1.3 | 1.6 | NR | 54.6 |
| Maltais, 2019 [22] | UMEC/VI 62.5/25 | 812 | 61.0 | 64.6 | 49 | GOLD 3: 36.0 | NR | 8.8 | 49.4 | 1.5 | 1.6 | NR | 54.9 |
| UMEC 62.5 | 804 | 59.0 | 64.9 | 49 | GOLD 3: 34.0 | NR | 7.8 | 47.6 | 1.5 | 1.6 | NR | 55.9 | |
| SAL 50 | 809 | 58.0 | 64.4 | 51 | GOLD 3: 35.0 | NR | 8.3 | 48.1 | 1.5 | 1.6 | NR | 55.6 | |
| Feldman, 2017 [25] | UMEC/VI 62.5/25 | 236 | 60.0 | 64.4 | 53 | 5.0 | 4 | NR | 50.2 | NR | 1.7 | NR | 59.6 |
| TIO/OLO 5/5 | 236 | 60.0 | 64.4 | 53 | 5.0 | 4 | NR | 50.2 | NR | 1.7 | NR | 59.6 | |
| Kalberg, 2016 [36] | UMEC/VI 62.5/25 | 482 | 74.0 | 64.0 | 41.0 | 56.0 | 56.0 | NR | 43.2 | NR | 1.4 | NR | NR |
| TIO 18 + IND 150 | 479 | 71.0 | 64.0 | 46.0 | 58.0 | 51.0 | NR | 42.3 | NR | 1.4 | NR | NR | |
| Riley, 2018 [37] | UMEC/VI 62.5/25 | 198 | 53.0 | 60.7 | 64.0 | 46.0 | 28.0 | NR | 52.2 | 1.4 | 1.5 | NR | 50.5 |
| PBO | 198 | 53.0 | 60.7 | 64.0 | 46.0 | 28.0 | NR | 52.2 | 1.4 | 1.5 | NR | 50.5 | |
| Mahler, 2012 [38] (INTRUST-1) | TIO 18 + IND 150 | 570 | 70.0 | 64.0 | 40.0 | 53.0 | 52.0 | 7.1 | 47.2 |
Pre salbutamol: 1.2 Pre ipratropium: 1.2 |
Post salbutamol: 1.3 Post ipratropium: 1.4 |
NR | 48.3 |
| TIO 18 | 561 | 67.0 | 63.4 | 36.0 | 53.0 | 52.0 | 6.6 | 47.2 |
Pre salbutamol: 1.2 Pre ipratropium: 1.2 |
Post salbutamol: 1.3 Post ipratropium: 1.4 |
NR | 48.9 | |
| Mahler, 2012 [38] (INTRUST-2) | TIO 18 + IND 150 | 572 | 63.0 | 63.1 | 38.0 | 54.0 | 57.0 | 7.3 | 46.2 |
Pre salbutamol: 1.1 Pre ipratropium: 1.2 |
Post salbutamol: 1.3 Post ipratropium: 1.3 |
NR | 48.6 |
| TIO 18 | 570 | 68.0 | 62.8 | 43.0 | 54.0 | 51.0 | 7.1 | 46.3 |
Pre salbutamol: 1.2 Pre ipratropium: 1.2 |
Post salbutamol: 1.3 Post ipratropium: 1.4 |
NR | 48.6 | |
| Vincken, 2014 [39] | IND 150 + GYL 50 | 226 | 79.6 | 63.4 | 42.5 | 38.5 | 61.1 | 7.1 | 44.5 | NR | 1.5 | 54.2 | NR |
| IND 150 | 223 | 84.2 | 64.1 | 41.6 | 33.0 | 64.3 | 7.2 | 44.4 | NR | 1.6 | 55.5 | NR | |
| Wedzicha, 2013 [40] | IND/GLY 110/50 | 729 | 76.0 | 63.1 | 38.0 |
Severe: 79.0 Very severe: 21 |
75.0 | 7.2 | 45.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | NR | 37.0 |
| GLY 50 | 740 | 73.0 | 63.1 | 38.0 |
Severe: 79.0 Very severe: 21.0 |
75.0 | 7.1 | 44.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | NR | 37.3 | |
| TIO 18 | 737 | 75.0 | 63.6 | 37.0 |
Severe: 79.0 Very severe: 21.0 |
76.0 | 7.2 | 47.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | NR | 37.4 | |
| GSK CSRb (DB2113374) | UMEC 125 | 222 | 67.0 | 64.5 | 44.0 | 61.0 | 56.0 | NR | 47.6 | NR | 1.1 | NR | 46.2 |
| UMEC/VI 62.5/25 | 217 | 65.0 | 65.0 | 42.0 | 51.0 | 47.0 | NR | 47.8 | NR | 1.2 | NR | 47.7 | |
| UMEC/VI 125/25 | 215 | 69.0 | 63.8 | 45.0 | 59.0 | 53.0 | NR | 46.9 | NR | 1.2 | NR | 47.1 | |
| TIO 18 | 215 | 71.0 | 65.2 | 47.0 | 52.0 | 53.0 | NR | 54.0 | NR | 1.2 | NR | 47.4 | |
| GSK CSRb (DB2113360) | UMEC/VI 125/25 | 214 | 71.0 | 62.9 | 58.0 | 53.0 | 48.0 | NR | 43.5 | NR | 1.3 | NR | 47.2 |
| UMEC/VI 62.5/25 | 212 | 70.0 | 63.0 | 46.0 | 50.0 | 44.0 | NR | 44.8 | NR | 1.3 | NR | 48 | |
| VI 25 | 209 | 68.0 | 63.2 | 51.0 | 54.0 | 40.0 | NR | 41.6 | NR | 1.3 | NR | 47.7 | |
| TIO 18 | 208 | 67.0 | 62.6 | 48.0 | 53.0 | 45.0 | NR | 41.9 | NR | 1.3 | NR | 47.8 | |
| GSK CSRb (DB2113373) | UMEC 62.5 | 418 | 71.0 | 64.0 | 50.0 | 54.0 | 52.0 | NR | 46.8 | 1.2 | 1.3 | NR | 46.8 |
| VI 25 | 421 | 68.0 | 62.7 | 47.0 | 53.0 | 50.0 | NR | 44.7 | 1.2 | 1.4 | NR | 48.2 | |
| UMEC/VI 62.5/25 | 413 | 74.0 | 63.1 | 49.0 | 51.0 | 51.0 | NR | 46.5 | 1.3 | 1.4 | NR | 47.8 | |
| PBO | 280 | 70.0 | 62.2 | 54.0 | 58.0 | 49.0 | NR | 47.2 | 1.2 | 1.4 | NR | 46.7 | |
| Vogelmeier, 2016 [41] | ACL/FOR 400/12 | 468 | 65.7 | 63.5 | NR | GOLD D: 43.5 | 37.7 | NR | 41.6 | NR | 1.4 | NR | 53.3 |
| SAL/FP 50/500 | 466 | 64.4 | 63.3 | NR | GOLD D: 44.8 | 39.1 | NR | 42.6 | NR | 1.4 | NR | 53.2 | |
| Wedzicha, 2016 [42] | IND/GLY 110/50 | 1680 | 77.3 | 64.6 | 40.0 | 57.9 | 56.8 | 7.2 | NR | 1.0 | 1.2 | NR | 44.0 |
| SAL/FF 50/500 | 1682 | 74.8 | 64.5 | 40.0 | 58.3 | 55.8 | 7.3 | NR | 1.0 | 1.2 | NR | 44.1 | |
| Maltais 2019 [24] | GLY/FOR 18/9.6 | 552.0 | 74.3 | 64.3 | 52.7 | 53.5 | 53.3 | 8.1 | 39.5 | NR | NR | NR | 48.5 |
| UMEC/VI 62.5/25 | 552.0 | 71.0 | 63.8 | 54.3 | 52.6 | 52.7 | 8.0 | 38.7 | NR | NR | NR | 48.9 | |
| Sethi, 2019 [43] | ACL/FOR 400/12 | 314 | 61.5 | 64.4 | 52.2 | 47.5 | 33.1 | NR | 46.2 | 1.3 | NR | NR | 50.9 |
| ACL 400 | 475 | 64.0 | 64.4 | 52.2 | 51.4 | 32.4 | NR | 45.4 | 1.3 | NR | NR | 49.6 | |
| FOR 12 | 319 | 59.6 | 64.7 | 51.1 | 53.6 | 34.2 | NR | 45.2 | 1.3 | NR | NR | 49.6 | |
| TIO 18 | 475 | 58.1 | 64.0 | 52.6 | 45.7 | 29.9 | NR | 46.4 | 1.3 | NR | NR | 51.2 | |
| D'Urzo, 2014 [44] | ACL/FOR 400/12 | 335 | 50.1 | 64.2 | 51.6 | 42.4 | NR | NR | 53.3 | 1.3 | NR | NR | 53.2 |
| ACL/FOR 400/6 | 333 | 56.2 | 63.9 | 52.9 | 38.1 | NR | NR | 52.1 | 1.4 | NR | NR | 54.7 | |
| ACL 400 | 337 | 55.8 | 64.4 | 50.7 | 43.6 | NR | NR | 52.0 | 1.3 | NR | NR | 53 | |
| FOR 12 | 332 | 50.9 | 63.7 | 51.5 | 39.5 | NR | NR | 52.5 | 1.4 | NR | NR | 53.9 | |
| PBO | 332 | 52.7 | 63.5 | 50.9 | 45.2 | NR | NR | 53.3 | 1.4 | NR | NR | 52.6 | |
| D'Urzo, 2017 [45]c | ACL/FOR 400/12 | 182 | 48.4 | 63.7 | 53.8 | 44.0 | NR | NR | 53.3 | 1.3 | NR | NR | 52.1 |
| ACL/FOR 400/6 | 204 | 58.8 | 63.6 | 54.4 | 36.8 | NR | NR | 53.7 | 1.4 | NR | NR | 55.1 | |
| ACL 400 | 194 | 53.6 | 62.9 | 59.3 | 45.4 | NR | NR | 52.3 | 1.3 | NR | NR | 52.7 | |
| FOR 12 | 192 | 46.9 | 62.8 | 53.6 | 37.0 | NR | NR | 53.1 | 1.4 | NR | NR | 55.1 | |
| PBO | 146 | 55.5 | 63.2 | 52.7 | 45.2 | NR | NR | 54.5 | 1.4 | NR | NR | 53.2 | |
| Ferguson, 2016 [46] | IND/GLY 27.5/15.6 BID | 204 | 64.2 | 64.0 | 49.5 | 35.8 | 46.6 | 6.7 | NR | 1.3 | 1.5 | NR | 55 |
| IND/GLY 27.5/31.2 BID | 204 | 60.3 | 63.9 | 51.5 | 38.2 | 48.5 | 6.8 | NR | 1.2 | 1.5 | NR | 54.2 | |
| IND 75 | 207 | 72.0 | 62.8 | 51.7 | 35.7 | 48.8 | 6.6 | NR | 1.3 | 1.6 | NR | 53.9 | |
| Mahler, 2015 [47] (FLIGHT1 & FLIGHT2, pooled) | IND/GLY 27.5/15.6 BID | 508 | 63.4 | 63.4 | 50.4 | 37.8 | 45.9 | 7.1 | NR | 1.3 | 1.5 | NR | 54.9 |
| IND 27.5 | 511 | 65.8 | 63.7 | 52.1 | 39.9 | 48.9 | 7 | NR | 1.3 | 1.5 | NR | 54.4 | |
| GLY 15.6 | 511 | 63.8 | 63.4 | 52.3 | 37.4 | 42.9 | 7 | NR | 1.3 | 1.5 | NR | 54.6 | |
| PBO | 508 | 60.2 | 63.2 | 51.6 | 39.2 | 45.5 | 7.1 | NR | 1.3 | 1.5 | NR | 54.4 | |
| Siler, 2016 [48] | UMEC/VI 62.5/25 | 248 | 58.0 | 64.1 | 55.0 | GOLD D: 64 | 45.0 | NR | 38.8 | NR | NR | NR | 46.5 |
| PBO | 248 | 60.0 | 62.6 | 52.0 | GOLD D: 56 | 50.0 | NR | 38.4 | NR | NR | NR | 48.4 | |
| Kerwin, 2017 [49] | UMEC/VI 62.5/25 | 247 | 66.0 | 64.5 | 52.0 | 0.0 | NR | NR | 38.6 | NR | 1.8 | NR | 59.8 |
| TIO 18 | 247 | 65.0 | 64.3 | 48.0 | 0.0 | NR | NR | 40.4 | NR | 1.8 | NR | 59.4 | |
| Donohue, 2016 [50] | ACL/FOR 400/12 | 392 | 55.1 | 63.9 | 46.9 | 46.2 | 35.2 | NR | 50.9 | 1.3 | NR | NR | 51.8 |
| FOR 12 | 198 | 55.1 | 64.7 | 43.9 | 46.5 |
ICS: 34.3 ICS + LABA: 0.6 |
NR | 52.6 | 1.3 | NR | NR | 50.5 | |
| Martinez, 2017 [51] (PINNACLE-1) | GLY/FOR 18/9.6 | 526 | 55.1 | 62.6 | 53.4 | 46.0 | 33.7 | NR | 50.9 | NR | 1.5 | NR | 51.4 |
| GLY 18 | 451 | 56.5 | 62.9 | 54.3 | 47.0 | 35.9 | NR | 50.4 | NR | 1.5 | NR | 50.7 | |
| FOR 9.6 | 449 | 54.8 | 63.0 | 54.3 | 47.0 | 36.7 | NR | 52.9 | NR | 1.5 | NR | 51.2 | |
| PBO | 219 | 55.7 | 62.5 | 57.5 | 47.0 | 35.2 | NR | 50.8 | NR | 1.5 | NR | 50.6 | |
| TIO 18 | 451 | 59.6 | 63.0 | 52.8 | 47.0 | 36.4 | NR | 53.0 | NR | 1.5 | NR | 51.4 | |
| Martinez, 2017 [51] (PINNACLE-2) | GLY/FOR 18/9.6 | 510 | 53.3 | 62.8 | 52.5 | 47.7 | 37.6 | NR | 50.5 | NR | 1.5 | NR | 52.1 |
| GLY 18 | 439 | 55.1 | 62.8 | 51.5 | 46.2 | 39.2 | NR | 50.4 | NR | 1.5 | NR | 51.5 | |
| FOR 9.6 | 437 | 56.5 | 62.6 | 57.7 | 47.1 | 35.9 | NR | 50.6 | NR | 1.5 | NR | 51.9 | |
| PBO | 223 | 56.1 | 64.2 | 49.3 | 47.5 | 39.9 | NR | 53.2 | NR | 1.5 | NR | 52.5 | |
| Bateman, 2013 [18] | IND/GLY 110/50 | 475 | 76.4 | 64.0 | 40.5 | Severe: 34.0 | 57.0 | 6.0 | NR | 1.3 | 1.5 | NR | 55.7 |
| IND 150 | 477 | 74.4 | 63.6 | 38.7 | Severe: 38.2 | 57.0 | 6.3 | NR | 1.3 | 1.5 | NR | 54.9 | |
| GLY 50 | 475 | 77.2 | 64.3 | 40.0 | Severe: 36.6 | 58.0 | 6.5 | NR | 1.3 | 1.5 | NR | 55.1 | |
| TIO 18 | 483 | 75.0 | 63.5 | 39.4 | Severe: 38.3 | 59.0 | 6.1 | NR | 1.3 | 1.5 | NR | 55.1 | |
| PBO | 234 | 72.8 | 64.4 | 40.1 | Severe: 32.3 | 58.0 | 6.4 | NR | 1.3 | 1.5 | NR | 55.2 | |
| Buhl, 2015 [52] | IND/GLY 110/50 | 476 | 66.6 | 62.6 | 49.2 | 41.7 | 42.0 | 6.5 | 41.1 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 53.3 | NR |
|
TIO 18 + FOR 12 |
458 | 65.1 | 63.1 | 48.9 | 43 | 40.0 | 6.8 | 41.8 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 53.0 | NR | |
| Tashkin, 2009 [53] |
TIO 18 + FOR 12 |
124 | 65.0 | 63.8 | 49.0 | NR | 27.0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| TIO 18 | 131 | 68.0 | 63.9 | 46.0 | NR | 27.0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| Frith, 2018 [54] | IND/GLY 110/50 | 248 | 88.7 | 65.0 | 36.7 | 46.0 | 100.0 | 6.4 | 44.3 | NR | NR | NR | 51.3 |
| SAL/FF 50/500 | 250 | 89.6 | 65.1 | 38.0 | 46.6 | 100.0 | 6.4 | 45.3 | NR | NR | NR | 51.7 | |
| Celli, 2014 [55] | UMEC 125 | 407 | 66.0 | 63.1 | 53.0 |
GOLD 3: 44.0 GOLD 4: 8.0 |
47.0 | NR | 44.0 | NR | NR | NR | 48.8 |
| VI 25 | 404 | 66.0 | 62.8 | 52.0 |
GOLD 3: 40.0 GOLD 4: 9.0 |
47.0 | NR | 42.8 | NR | NR | NR | 48.5 | |
| UMEC/VI 125/25 | 403 | 66.0 | 63.4 | 50.0 |
GOLD 3: 47.0 GOLD 4: 9.0 |
44.0 | NR | 45.4 | NR | NR | NR | 47.7 | |
| PBO | 275 | 64.0 | 62.2 | 52.0 |
GOLD 3: 48.0 GOLD 4: 8.0 |
50.0 | NR | 43.6 | NR | NR | NR | 47.6 | |
| Singh, 2015 [56] | UMEC/VI 62.5/25 | 358 | 73.0 | 61.8 | 57.0 | GOLD D: 46.0 | NR | 6.6 | 40.7 | 1.4 | 1.6 | NR | 50.2 |
| SAL/FP 50/500 | 358 | 71.0 | 61.4 | 61.0 | GOLD D: 44.0 | NR | 6.6 | 39.4 | 1.5 | 1.6 | NR | 51.1 | |
| Donohue, 2015 [57] (DB2114930) | UMEC/VI 62.5/25 | 353 | 72.0 | 62.5 | 45.0 | 52.0 | NR | –d | 43.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | NR | 49.2 |
| SAL/FP 50/250 | 353 | 69.0 | 63.0 | 41.0 | 50.0 | NR | –d | 41.7 | 1.3 | 1.5 | NR | 49.6 | |
| Donohue, 2015 [57] (DB2114951) | UMEC/VI 62.5/25 | 349 | 76.0 | 63.2 | 51.0 | 50.0 | NR | –d | 43.8 | 1.3 | 1.5 | NR | 49.4 |
| SAL/FP 50/250 | 348 | 76.0 | 64.0 | 53.0 | 50.0 | NR | –d | 44.5 | 1.3 | 1.5 | NR | 49.5 | |
| Vogelmeier, 2013 [58] | IND/GLY 110/50 | 258 | 70.2 | 63.2 | 47.7 | 19.8 | 32.9 | 6.4 | 40.7 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 51.1 | 60.5 |
| SAL/FF 50/500 | 264 | 71.6 | 63.4 | 48.1 | 19.7 | 37.1 | 7.5 | 39.6 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 50.7 | 60.0 | |
| Zhong, 2015 [59] | IND/GLY 110/50 | 372 | 91.7 | 64.8 | 26.0 | 47.0 | 55.4 | 5.2 | NR | 1.3 | 1.3 | NR | 51.6 |
| SAL/FF 50/500 | 369 | 89.7 | 65.3 | 26.0 | 45.8 | 54.2 | 5.1 | NR | 1.2 | 1.3 | NR | 52.0 | |
| Hoshino, 2015 [60] | TIO 18 + IND 150 | 22 | 81.8 | 72.0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 56.2 | 1.4 | NR | 61.9 | NR |
| SAL/FF 50/250 | 21 | 85.7 | 69.0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 60.4 | 1.4 | NR | 60.8 | NR | |
| Singh, 2014 [61] | ACL/FOR 400/12 | 385 | 67.8 | 62.7 | 47.0 | 40.5 | 22.1 | NR | NR | 1.4 | NR | NR | 54.6 |
| ACL/FOR 400/6 | 381 | 68.0 | 62.9 | 47.8 | 39.6 | 18.9 | NR | NR | 1.4 | NR | NR | 54.1 | |
| ACL 400 | 385 | 66.5 | 63.1 | 47.3 | 40.9 | 20.5 | NR | NR | 1.4 | NR | NR | 53.6 | |
| PBO | 194 | 71.1 | 64.2 | 48.5 | 39.9 | 20.1 | NR | NR | 1.4 | NR | NR | 55.0 | |
| FOR 12 | 384 | 66.4 | 63.4 | 46.6 | 37.6 | 17.7 | NR | NR | 1.4 | NR | NR | 54.5 | |
| ZuWallack, 2014 [62] (ANHELTO 1) | TIO 18 | 565 | 50.4 | 64.8 | 52.2 | 40.2 | 37.9 | 7.9 | 52.7 | 1.3 | 1.5 | NR | 53.9 |
|
TIO 18 + OLO 5 |
567 | 49.2 | 64.3 | 49.7 | 39.5 | 35.8 | 8.5 | 54.0 | 1.2 | 1.5 | NR | 54.2 | |
| ZuWallack, 2014 [62] (ANHELTO 2) | TIO 18 | 569 | 53.3 | 63.6 | 48.2 | 44.3 | 37.8 | 7.1 | 51.4 | 1.3 | 1.4 | NR | 53.0 |
|
TIO 18 + OLO 5 |
566 | 53.9 | 64.6 | 45.8 | 40.3 | 37.6 | 8.2 | 53.9 | 1.3 | 1.5 | NR | 53.6 | |
| Dahl, 2013 [63] | IND/GLY 110/50 | 225 | 77.3 | 62.5 | 45.3 | 31.1 | 45.8 | 5.8 | 36.3 | 1.4 | 1.6 | NR | 56.4 |
| PBO | 113 | 76.1 | 62.9 | 45.1 | 19.5 | 38.9 | 5.5 | 38.1 | 1.5 | 1.7 | NR | 59.4 | |
| Buhl, 2015b [19] (TONADO 1) | OLO 5 | 528 | 73.1 | 63.7 | 37.1 | 51.3 | 47.2 | NR | NR | 1.2 | 1.4 | 49.9 | NR |
| TIO 2.5 | 525 | 74.7 | 64.2 | 41.0 | 48.6 | 46.5 | NR | NR | 1.3 | 1.4 | 50.9 | NR | |
| TIO 5 | 527 | 72.7 | 64.2 | 35.7 | 50.1 | 45.0 | NR | NR | 1.2 | 1.4 | 49.7 | NR | |
|
TIO/OLO 2.5/5 |
522 | 74.5 | 64.1 | 37.5 | 48.5 | 49.8 | NR | NR | 1.2 | 1.4 | 50.5 | NR | |
| TIO/OLO 5/5 | 522 | 73.6 | 64.8 | 36.2 | 50.6 | 51.7 | NR | NR | 1.2 | 1.3 | 49.5 | NR | |
| Buhl, 2015b [19] (TONADO 2) | OLO 5 | 510 | 74.1 | 64.7 | 35.7 | 46.0 | 50.2 | NR | NR | 1.2 | 1.4 | 50.7 | NR |
| TIO 2.5 | 507 | 71.2 | 63.9 | 34.1 | 50.7 | 45.8 | NR | NR | 1.2 | 1.4 | 49.7 | NR | |
| TIO 5 | 506 | 73.5 | 63.5 | 36.0 | 49.6 | 45.3 | NR | NR | 1.2 | 1.4 | 49.7 | NR | |
|
TIO/OLO 2.5/5 |
508 | 72.4 | 64.1 | 34.6 | 50.6 | 45.9 | NR | NR | 1.2 | 1.4 | 50.0 | NR | |
| TIO/OLO 5/5 | 507 | 68.8 | 62.7 | 41.6 | 51.8 | 46.5 | NR | NR | 1.2 | 1.4 | 49.1 | NR |
ACL aclidinium, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FOR formoterol fumarate, FP fluticasone propionate, GLY glycopyrronium, GOLD Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, ICS inhaled corticosteroid, IND indacaterol, ITT intent-to-treat, LABA long-acting β2-agonist, MDI metered dose inhaler, NMA network meta-analysis, NR not reported, OLO olodaterol, PBO placebo, SAL salmeterol, TIO tiotropium, UMEC umeclidinium, VI vilanterol
aReported data are mean or median, as reported in the corresponding study. If both the mean and median were reported, the mean is presented
bAvailable from clinicalstudydatarequest.com
cThe extension trial AUGMENT EXTENSION was not counted as a unique trial but secondary publication to main trial
dDuration of COPD reported by category (< 1 year, ≥ 1 to < 5 years, ≥ 5 to < 10 years and ≥ 10 years)