Table 3.
Epidemiologic studies investigating associations between circulating oxylipins in pregnancy and fetal growth
| Referencea | Country | Growth measure outcomes | Study design and sample size | Sample timingb | Sample Matrix | Oxylipins measured | Fetal growth associationc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arogbokun et al. (2021) | USA | Birth weight for gestational age (sex specific) | Design: Prospective Sample: N=736 |
Trimester 3 | Urine | AA-COX: PGF2α AA-nonenzymatic: 8-isoprostane (free), 8-isoprostane metabolite | Birth weight:(−) 8-isoprostane and metabolite |
| Lipa et al. (2017) | Poland | SGA (≤10th percentile for gestational age) LGA (≥90th percentile for gestational age) |
Design: Prospective case-control Sample: N=185; n=19 SGA; n=32 LGA |
Trimester 1-2 | Serum | AA-LOX: LXA4 | SGA and LGA: (−) LXA4 |
| Welch et al. (2020a) | USA | SGA (≤10th percentile for gestational age) LGA (≥90th percentile for gestational age) |
Design: Prospective matched case-control Sample: N=90; n=31 SGA; n=28 LGA |
Trimesters 1-3 (3 samplings) | Plasma | 57 oxylipins (all major enzymatic pathways) | SGA: (+) LA-LOX (9- & 13-HODE) (+) AA-CYP (DHETs, 19- & 20-HETE) (+) AA-LOX (5-, 8-, 12-, & 15-HETE) |
| Ferguson et al. (2018) | USA | Ultrasound: head circumference, abdominal circumference, femur length, estimated fetal weight Delivery: birthweight for gestational age |
Design: Prospective Sample: N=482 |
Trimesters 1-3 (4 samplings) | Urine | AA-nonenzymatic: 8-isoprostane (total) | Birth weight: (−) 8-isoprostane Head and femur circumference (ultrasound): (−) 8-isoprostane |
| Hsieh et al. (2012) | Taiwan | SGA (≤10th percentile for gestational age and sex) | Design: Prospective Sample: N=503; n=40 SGA |
Trimester 2 | Plasma | AA-nonenzymatic: 8-isoprostane | SGA: (+) 8-isoprostane |
| Kumarathasan et al. (2016) | Canada | Birth weight (categorical quantiles at <25th, 25-75th, >75th) | Design: Prospective Sample: N=144 |
Trimester 3 | Plasma | AA-nonenzymatic: 8-isoprostane | Birth weight (<25th percentile): (−) 8-isoprostane |
| Lindstrom et al. (2012) | Bangladesh | Low birth weight (<2500 g), low birth length (lowest tertile), small birth head (lowest tertile), small birth chest circumference (lowest tertile) | Design: Prospective Sample: N=374 |
Trimester 2-3 (2 samplings) | Urine | AA-nonenzymatic: 8-isoprostane | Low birth weight, small length, small chest circumference LBW, small birth length, small birth chest circumference: (+) 8-isoprostane (middle tertile) |
| Negro et al. (2017) | Italy | SGA LGA |
Design: Cross-sectional matched case-control Sample: N=245 |
Delivery | Cord blood plasma | AA-nonenzymatic: 8-isoprostane | SGA: (+) 8-isoprostane |
Abbreviations: 8-isoprostane, 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α; AA, arachidonic acid; COX, cyclooxygenase; CYP, cytochrome P450; DHET, dihydroxy-eicosatrienoic acid; HETE, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; HODE, hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid; LGA, large for gestational age; LOX, lipoxygenase; LX, lipoxin; SGA, small for gestational age
Reference studies were identified in PubMed using a multi-stage approach. First, the following search phrase was used to identify an initial list of human studies published since 2010: (IUGR OR fetal growth OR SGA) AND (oxylipin OR eicosanoid OR bioactive lipid OR isoprostane) AND (inflammation OR oxidative stress) AND (2010/1/1:2022/02/01 [pdat]) AND (humans[Filter]) AND (english[Filter]) NOT (review[Filter] OR systematicreview[Filter]). This search produced 78 results, which were then paired down to the 8 reviewed studies of fetal growth after excluding duplicates and reviewing articles for relevant areas of focus.
Single spot sample collected unless otherwise noted
Null associations left blank