Table 3.
Extraction of bromelain from different parts of pineapple and the techniques used
| Part of Pineapple | Target compound | Extraction Technique Used | Activity recovery and purification | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Core | Bromelain | Reverse Micellar Extraction → Ultrafiltration | Activity recovery (98.5%), ultrafiltration increased the purification up to 8.9-fold | Hebbar et al. (2012) |
| Core | Bromelain | Reverse Micellar Extraction | Activity recovery of 78.90% and 3.96-fold purification | Chaurasiya and Hebbar (2013) |
| Slat precipitation (ammonium sulfate) | Activity recovery of 86.26%and 3.07-fold purification (50% saturation level) | |||
| Acetone precipitation | Activity recovery (45.11%) and 5.56-fold purification (60% saturation level) | |||
| Peel | Bromelain | Two-phase partitioning system | Activity recovery (113.54%) and purification 2.23-fold | Ketnawa et al. (2010) |
| Peel | Bromelain | C12-8-C12∙2Br (Octame thylene-a,x-bis (dimethyldodecylammonium bromide)) Reverse Micellar Extraction | Activity recovery (163%) and purification 3.3-fold | Wan et al. (2016) |
| DTAB (dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) Reverse Micellar Extraction | Activity recovery (95%) and purification 1.7-fold | |||
| Crown | Bromelain | Size reduction and filtration → purified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) cation exchange resin column → de-saltation (diafiltrator) → freeze drying | Activity recovery:powdered bromelain (529.77 CDU/mg), purified bromelain (501.08 CDU/mg), desalted bromelain (485.78 CDU/mg) and pineapple crown extract (426.49 CDU/mg) | Nadzirah et al. (2012) |
| Core, Peel, Crown and stem | Bromelain | Reverse micellar system of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) | Core: activity recovery (106%) and purification 5.2-fold at pH 4.2. Peel: activity recovery (78%) and purification 2.1-fold at pH 10.5. Crown: activity recovery (54%) and purification 1.7-fold at pH 11.0: activity recovery (80%) and purification 3.5-fold at pH 11.0 | Hebbar et al. (2008) |
| By-products | Bromelain and bioactive peptides | Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) | Proteolytic activity: UAE (196.46 ± 3.29 U/mL) and MAE (154.08 ± 1.49 U/mL) | Mala et al. (2021) |