Table 2.
Odds ratios (crude and mutually adjusted) between predictor variables and PPD within 6 months after birth.
| Odd Ratio, OR [95% CI] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Multivariate (Core) | Multivariate (Extended) | Multivariate (Extended + ) | |
| Mothers age at birth | ||||
| Age (first order age) | 0.54 (0.42-0.70) | 0.74 (0.55-0.98) | 0.72 (0.54-0.96) | 0.74 (0.55-0.98) |
| Age2 | 1.02 (1.01-1.03) | 1.01 (1.00-1.02) | 1.01 (1.00-1.02) | 1.01 (1.00-1.02) |
| Age3 | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) |
| Cohabitation | 0.73 (0.69-0.78) | 0.97 (0.91-1.04) | 0.97 (0.91-1.03) | 0.98 (0.92-1.04) |
| Education | ||||
| Mandatory | 1.62 (1.51-1.73) | 1.42 (1.30-1.54) | 1.39 (1.28-1.51) | 1.36 (1.25-1.48) |
| Short | 1.10 (1.03-1.17) | 1.17 (1.09-1.25) | 1.16 (1.08-1.23) | 1.15 (1.08-1.23) |
| Medium | 0.86 (0.75-0.99) | 0.89 (0.77-1.02) | 0.88 (0.76-1.02) | 0.88 (0.77-1.02) |
| High | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Previous psychiatric history | ||||
| None | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| 0-3 years before birth | 14.77 (13.76-15.85) | 14.28 (13.29-15.34) | 14.09 (13.11-15.13) | 13.49 (12.55-14.49) |
| 3-10 years before birth | 12.39 (11.65-13.18) | 11.97 (11.25-12.74) | 11.75 (11.04-12.51) | 11.17 (10.48-11.89) |
| 10+ years before birth | 7.03 (6.27-7.87) | 6.69 (5.97-7.50) | 6.60 (5.88-7.40) | 6.27 (5.59-7.03) |
| Postpartum hemorrhage (%) | 1.40 (1.28-1.53) | ― | 1.39 (1.27-1.52) | 1.38 (1.26-1.51) |
| Gestational diabetes (%) | 1.91 (1.66-2.19) | ― | 1.32 (1.15-1.52) | 1.32 (1.14-1.51) |
| Gestational hypertension (%) | 1.40 (1.20-1.63) | ― | 1.21 (1.03-1.42) | 1.20 (1.02-1.40) |
| Preeclampsia (%) | 1.36 (1.22-1.51) | ― | 1.15 (1.03-1.29) | 1.15 (1.03-1.29) |
| Eclampsia (%) | 2.10 (1.08-4.09) | ― | 1.40 (0.70-2.81) | 1.43 (0.71-2.87) |
| Previous stillbirths (%) | 1.09 (0.78-1.51) | ― | 0.74 (0.53-1.03) | 0.74 (0.53-1.03) |
| Previous abortion (%) | 1.27 (1.21-1.35) | ― | 0.99 (0.93-1.05) | 0.98 (0.93-1.04) |
| Acute C-section (%) | 1.40 (1.32-1.49) | ― | 1.21 (1.13-1.29) | 1.20 (1.13-1.29) |
| Preterm birth (%) | 1.58 (1.45-1.72) | ― | 1.35 (1.23-1.47) | 1.35 (1.23-1.47) |
| Hyperemesis gravidarum (%) | 2.34 (2.03-2.71) | ― | 1.69 (1.46-1.96) | 1.67 (1.44-1.93) |
| Charlson comorbidity score, within 10 years before birth | ― | ― | ||
| 0 | 1.00 (ref) | ― | ― | 1.00 (ref) |
| 1 | 1.76 (1.58-1.96) | ― | ― | 1.11 (1.00-1.24) |
| 2+ | 1.47 (1.19-1.81) | ― | ― | 0.86 (0.69-1.07) |
| Parents previous psychiatric history (%) | 2.12 (1.99-2.24) | ― | ― | 1.44 (1.36-1.53) |
Data from development dataset, 1997–2012, N = 352,608.