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. 2022 Sep 30;13:5756. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33473-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a–c Multi-model mean seasonal changes in water availability (Δ(P-E)) between 1980–2000 (historical simulation) and 2080–2100 (SSP585 simulation) in the five CMIP6 models which participate in the LFMIP-pdLC experiment. d–f The same as (a–c) but for Δ(P-E) in LFMIP-pdLC (without soil moisture effect). g–i Soil moisture (SM) effects on Δ(P-E) assessed as CMIP6 minus LFMIP-pdLC results. Stippling denotes regions where the sign of Δ(P-E) is consistent with the sign of multi-model means (as shown in the figure) for at least four of the five models. The pie chart insets show proportions of land area with (stippling) and without robust P-E changes, similar to those in Fig. 1. j–l Total area-weighted Δ(P-E) in enhanced seasonality (ES) regions and reduced seasonality (RS) regions in CMIP6 (c). The error bars show the standard deviation of Δ(P-E) across the five models.