Fig. 4.

GV1001 shows anti-invasive activity in VEGF-A-treated HUVECs. Quiescent cells were treated with GV1001 (5 μM) for 30 min, followed by VEGF-A (10 ng/mL) stimulation for 18 h. (A) Results from at least three independent experiments (mean ± SD) are presented as the numbers of invasive cells. Scale bar represents 100 μm. Statistical significance is indicated (**p < 0.01, compared with VEGF-A-treated cells). (B) Gelatin zymogram analysis was performed using conditioned media from cell culture treated as in panel A. Zymogram gel loading was normalized to total protein concentration. (C) Expression of MMP-2 was determined by RT-PCR analysis. Results are representative of at least three independent experiments.