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. 2022 Oct 1;44(11):1347–1358. doi: 10.1007/s10529-022-03302-6

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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

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Fig. 1 — Cell growth curves (a) and metabolite profiles of b glucose, c glutamine, d ammonium of HEK293 cells in shake flask with different pseudo-perfusion strategies. Experiments were run in triplicate and error bars represent standard deviations