Table 1.
Variable | Categorical | Frequency (%) |
---|---|---|
Age | 18–24 | 356 (45.41) |
25–34 | 213 (27.17) | |
35–44 | 135 (17.22) | |
45–54 | 68 (8.67) | |
55–64 | 12 (1.53) | |
Gender | Male | 295 (37.63) |
Female | 489 (62.37) | |
Residence | Village | 441 (56.25) |
City | 343 (43.75) | |
Level of education | Elementary | 8 (1.02) |
Intermediate | 12 (1.53) | |
Secondary | 171 (21.81) | |
University | 558 (71.17) | |
Postgraduate level | 35 (4.46) | |
Time spent daily on reading papers, books, or writing | Less than 2 h | 434 (55.36) |
2–4 h | 168 (21.43) | |
4–6 h | 95 (12.12) | |
More than 6 h | 87 (11.1) | |
Time spent daily on digital devices | Less than 2 h | 66 (8.4) |
2–4 h | 99 (12.6) | |
4–6 h | 178 (22.7) | |
More than 6 h | 441 (56.3) | |
Digital devices usage | Every day | 705 (89.92) |
Once - twice a week | 27 (3.44) | |
3–4 times a week | 29 (3.7) | |
5–6 times a week | 23 (2.93) | |
Distance | At an arm’s distance | 145 (18.49) |
Less than 25 cm | 360 (45.92) | |
25–40 cm | 279 (35.59) | |
Position | Sitting on chair | 286 (36.48) |
Lying on the bed | 498 (63.52) | |
Type of digital devices | Laptop | 348 (44.39) |
Tablet/iPad and E-book reader | 39 (4.97) | |
Smartphone | 397 (50.64) | |
Feeling fatigued in the eye after using digital devices | No | 197 (25.13) |
Yes | 587 (74.87) | |
Wearing eyeglasses | No | 533 (67.98) |
Yes | 251 (32.02) | |
Using smartphones at bedtime or after turning off the light | No | 78 (9.95) |
Yes | 706 (90.05) |