Table 5.
Standardized path coefficients and hypothesis testing of the first-order SEM.
| Hypothesis | Relationship | Estimate | S.E. | C.R. | P value | Support |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1 | PO⟶MA | 0.717 | 0.079 | 8.677 | ∗∗∗ | Yes |
| H2 | PO⟶EC | 0.135 | 0.127 | 1.487 | 0.137 | No |
| H3 | PO⟶EN | 0.054 | 0.091 | 0.579 | 0.562 | No |
| H4 | PO⟶TE | 0.028 | 0.089 | 0.314 | 0.753 | No |
| H6 | MA⟶EC | 0.603 | 0.144 | 6.168 | ∗∗∗ | Yes |
| H7 | MA⟶EN | 0.449 | 0.119 | 3.843 | ∗∗∗ | Yes |
| H8 | MA⟶TE | 0.574 | 0.120 | 5.023 | ∗∗∗ | Yes |
| H10 | EC⟶TE | 0.219 | 0.059 | 2.671 | 0.008∗∗ | Yes |
| H11 | EC⟶EN | 0.268 | 0.061 | 3.033 | 0.002∗∗ | Yes |
∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and∗∗∗p < 0.001.