Table 4.
Comparative analysis of the effects of various policies for environmental regulation.
| Objective | Ranking of the effects of various policies for environmental regulation (effects arranged in a descending order) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Best | Relatively good | General | Relatively weak | |
| Economic growth | Subsidy to producers | Subsidy for research and development | Environmental tax | Subsidy to consumers |
| Economic structure | Subsidy to producers | Subsidy to consumers | Subsidy for research and development | Environmental tax |
| Social welfare | Subsidy to producers | Subsidy to consumers | Subsidy for research and development | Environmental tax |
| Environmental quality | Subsidy for research and development | Subsidy to consumers | Environmental tax | Subsidy to producers |
| Environmental technology | Subsidy for research and development | Subsidy to producers | Subsidy to consumers | Environmental tax |