Table 1. Summary of baricitinib use in COVID-19 in different studies.

COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; SpO2: oxygen saturation; FiO2: fraction of inspired oxygen; SARS-CoV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,  PaO2: partial pressure of arterial oxygen; CRP: C-reactive protein; IL-6: interleukin 6; IMV: interim monitoring visit; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Author	Design features	Sample Size	Main findings
Maslova et al. [3]	Two groups of 20 individuals were divided into an experimental and control group	40	Respiratory failure was reduced as well as the use of oxygen masks in groups that were on baricitinib in contrast to the group that was not taking the drug.
Rosas et al. [8]	Retrospective observational study	60	Treatment with baricitinib did not introduce any serious side effects and patients that took the drug as monotherapy did not require admission to the Intensive care unit and a smaller number of individuals died compared to the other study groups.
Orantes et al. [9]	Observational study	30	Patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia receiving baricitinib therapy showed improved clinical outcomes and avoided mechanical ventilation.
Stebbing et al.  [10]	Cohort studies	166	Baricitinib therapy is associated with a decrease in the deterioration of severe COVID-19 symptoms which lead to death or invasive lung ventilation.
Melikhov et al. [11]	Prospective observational series	522	Baricitinib is an ideal therapeutic option for COVID-19 pneumonia due to a resource-constrained and outpatient scenario.
Marconi et al. [12]	Phase-3 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial	1525	The 28-day mortality was 8% for baricitinib and 13% for placebo.  One additional death was prevented for every 20 baricitinib-treated participants. The 60-day mortality was 10% for baricitinib and 15% for placebo.
Ely et al. [2]	Exploratory trial	101	A significant reduction in 60-day mortality was observed in the baricitinib group compared with the placebo group which showed  45% versus 62% respectively.
Abizanda et al. [13]	Retrospective cohort study	328	Patients who received baricitinib that fit in the range of age 70 and above had a reduced mortality rate than those who did not get baricitinib, and comparable results were reported in those below 70 years. No major negative effects that might be directly attributed to baricitinib were identified.
Rodriguez-Garcia et al. [14]	Prospective observational study	112	Compared to the corticosteroids-only group, the baricitinib-corticosteroids group showed a larger improvement in SpO2/FiO2 ratio from hospitalization to discharge. Baricitinib alongside corticosteroids was linked with higher improvement in pulmonary function in patients with moderate to severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.
Cantini et al.  [15]	Retrospective multicenter study	191	Except for ageusia/anosmia, all clinical, analytical, and respiratory parameters improved considerably. When compared to baseline data, SpO2 substantially improved at week two  and PaO2/FiO2 markedly improved in the first two weeks. The baricitinib group had significantly reduced CRP and IL-6 levels.
Pérez-Alba et al. [16]	Retrospective comparative study	197	In patients with severe COVID-19, the addition of baricitinib to dexamethasone decreased mortality, but no difference was noted in the incidence of IMV
Kalil et al. [17]	Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial	1033	Patients had a shorter recovery time when baricitinib combined with remdesivir compared to remdesivir and placebo. ECMO or high-flow oxygen with the combined therapy was even more effective.
Titanji et al. [18]	Retrospective cohort study	15	Normalization of body temperature and fall in ESR, IL-6, CRP, and cytokines are most notable.
Hassan et al. [19]	Prospective cohort study	238/37	Baricitinib was given in 8 mg and 4 mg amounts to form high dose and low dose groups respectively.
Stebbing et al. [20]	Case series	4	Use artificial intelligence to formulate predictions and so treat patients thus reducing admission to the Intensive care unit  and mortality
Bronte et al. [21]	Longitudinal Trial	20	Marked reduction in interleukins and need for oxygen support