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. 2022 Oct 1;12:16477. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-20684-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Histology of Sagittally Sectioned, H&E Stained, Developing Incisors and Molars from Acp4^+/+ and Acp4^R110C/R110C Mice. (A) Histology of D12 mandibular incisors. Top: sections through Acp4^+/+ (left) and Acp4^R110C/R110C (right) hemimandibles (40×). Black rectangles outline positions of higher magnification (200×) images shown below, covering the initiation of enamel formation (middle) and post-secretory transition (bottom). Note that in Acp4^R110C/R110C mice no proper enamel matrix is formed. Ameloblasts detach but remain polarized during the secretory stage (middle), but progressively degenerate as pathological ectopic mineral nodules (arrowhead) form in the soft tissue. (B–D) Histology of D4 (B), D8 (C), and D12 (D) Acp4^+/+ and Acp4^R110C/R110C maxillary first molars. Left: whole molar sections with black rectangles outlining ameloblasts on the mesial and distal cusps shown at higher magnification (200×) toward the right. As in the incisors, in Acp4^R110C/R110C molars no proper enamel formation was observed. Ameloblasts polarized but detached from the mineral surface, ectopic mineral nodules formed (arrowheads) and expanded, and cell pathology worsened with time.