FIGURE 2.

Effect of including CSs (in red) on meta-analysis conclusions on diet–disease associations for CVD. Green colors indicate effect estimates from a meta-analysis restricted to RCTs only. The diamond indicates the effect estimates from a meta-analysis considering all studies (RCTs and CSs). Heterogeneity across studies was assessed with the τ². IHD, ischemic heart disease; CS, cohort study; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CVM, cardiovascular mortality; RCT, randomized controlled trial; RR, risk ratio.