TABLE 1.

Detailed description of inclusion criteria¹

Population	Generally healthy participants (children, adolescents, and adults)
Intervention/exposure	Dietary pattern: e.g., Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, low-carbohydrate diet. Food groups: the following food groups (macro-level) and foods (micro-level), e.g., grains, vegetables, fruit, milk and dairy products, meat, processed meat, fish, eggs, nuts, chocolate, oils, were considered. Macronutrients: carbohydrate (starch, fructose, glucose, sucrose); fat: e.g., ω-3 fatty acids (EPA, DHA, α-linolenic acid), ω-6 fatty acids (linoleic acid), monounsaturated fat; protein (e.g., amino acids). Micronutrients: vitamins: β-carotene; vitamins A, E, C (ascorbic acid), and D (cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol); B vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, cobalamin, folic acid). Minerals: magnesium, calcium, selenium, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc, copper, iodine. Other: fiber (psyllium, inulin, cellulose); probiotics; prebiotics; and synbiotics.
Control/comparison	Low (no) intake (status) level of the foregoing interventions/exposure. Placebo/usual care.
Outcomes	e.g. all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease (myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, and acute coronary syndrome), stroke, cancer, type 2 diabetes, dementia, fractures, age-related macular degeneration, anthropometric outcomes; important intermediate disease markers such as systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and LDL cholesterol.
Study design	Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials. Matching systematic reviews of CSs: CSs (if available, prospective CSs were preferred).

¹CS, cohort study.