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. 2022 Oct 1;21:199. doi: 10.1186/s12933-022-01632-3

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

The relationship between a healthy lifestyle and cardiometabolic multimorbidity. We used four healthy lifestyle factors to estimate the lifestyle score, 0 points: current smoking, excessive drinking, less than two types of a healthy diet, no regular physical activity; 1 point, including non-current smoking, non-excessive drinking, more than 2 types of a healthy diet, regular physical activity. Then, we multiplied the binary lifestyle variables of each participant using the standardised weighted β coefficient and then summed and grouped participants into four ordered categories: very unhealthy (0 ≤ scores < 0.25, reference group), unhealthy (0.25 ≤ scores < 0.50), healthy (0.50 ≤ scores < 0.75), and very healthy (0.75 ≤ scores ≤ 1). CMM was defined as the occurrence of ≥ 1 of the following: CHD (myocardial infarction or angina), stroke (ischaemic stroke, cerebral haemorrhage, or subarachnoid haemorrhage), and diabetes. We adjusted for sex, ethnicity (white or non-white), Townsend deprivation index, sedentary time, antihypertensives drugs, lipid-lowering drugs, aspirin, and the year of attending the assessment centre