FIGURE 2.

An overview of the gut microbiota and immune‐related adverse events. (a) Changes in the microbiota after ICIs. (b) Gut microbiota and irAE occurrence. (c) Antibiotics, probiotics/prebiotics, and FMT in ICI‐related colitis. CTLA‐4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte‐associated antigen; FMT, fecal microbiota transplantation; ICIs, immune checkpoint inhibitors; ICU, intensive care unit; ILC3, group 3 innate lymphoid cell; irAE, immune‐related adverse event; PD‐1, programmed cell death‐1; SCFAs, short‐chain fatty acids; Treg, T regulatory cell