TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants.
| Group | CON | M1 | M3 | V1 | V3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 |
| Gender, F:M | 6:1 | 6:1 | 6:1 | 7:1 | 8:0 |
| Age, year | 63.7 (4.7) | 63.5 (7.0) | 63.5 (5.7) | 63.4 (5.2) | 63.3 (5.1) |
| Weight, kg | 55.8 (11) | 57.4 (8.9) | 65.7 (7.1) | 57.3 (8.2) | 59.8 (11.1) |
| Height, cm | 154.8 (7.3) | 156.7 (8.9) | 157.1 (7.4) | 158.5 (7.2) | 158.7 (5.9) |
| High school education or above, n | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 |
| Marital status, n | |||||
| Single | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Married | 7 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 5 |
| Divorced | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Widowed | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Current cigarette smoking, n | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Current alcohol drinking, n | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hong Kong- montreal cognitive assessment, total score | 19.9 (3.5) | 19.7 (1.9) | 18.9 (1.9) | 20.1 (1.7) | 19.6 (2.5) |
| Cognitive self-report questionnaire, total score | 73 (11.3) | 74.6 (7.5) | 79.4 (14.3) | 69.3 (18.0) | 73.5 (15.3) |
| NIH toolbox - cognition battery, total score | 435.1 (85) | 440.8 (73.4) | 445.4 (38.7) | 470.7 (38.7) | 451.7 (30.2) |
| VO2max, mL/kg/min | 32.4 (4.1) | 26.9 (5.1) | 28.2 (3.8) | 32 (6.0) | 29.6 (4.5) |
| Hospital anxiety and depression scale | |||||
| Anxiety subscale, score | 6.0 (3.5) | 5.1 (2.8) | 7.9 (4.5) | 5.3 (4.1) | 5.3 (1.7) |
| Depression subscale, score | 6.9 (3.5) | 6.3 (2.2) | 10.9 (1.9) | 6.3 (3.4) | 7.5 (4.7) |
| Pittsburgh sleep quality index, total score | 11.0 (3.5) | 10.9 (2.1) | 9.7 (4.3) | 9.9 (3.5) | 13.1 (3.5) |
| Average target heart rate, beats/min | N/A | 106.7 (14.6) | 100.7 (12.9) | 129.0 (16.2) | 131.1 (6.9) |
Data are expressed as mean (standard deviation). CON, stretching exercise control group, M1, moderate-intensity once-a-week walking group, M3, moderate-intensity thrice-a-week walking group, V1, vigorous-intensity once-a-week walking group, and V3, vigorous-intensity thrice-a-week walking group.