TABLE 3.

Effects of estrogen (E2) and zinc hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (ZnHA) treatments on serum oxidative/antioxidant biomarkers of control and treated rats.

Parameters	Experimental groups
	Control	OVX	OVX/E	OVX/ZnHA	OVX/E + ZnHA
MDA (nmol/L)	6.98 ± 0.80 b	11.90 ± 1.39 a	9.78 ± 0.42 a	11.88 ± 0.49 a	10.61 ± 0.54 a
NO (µmol/L)	12.22 ± 0.51 c	33.37 ± 1.41 a	27.46 ± 0.42 b	29.61 ± 0.52 ab	28.17 ± 0.91 b
SOD (U/L)	107.67 ± 9.97 a	63.73 ± 4.85 c	84.89 ± 2.70 b	59.09 ± 4.25 c	77.32 ± 4.37 bc
GSH (mg/dl)	4.97 ± 0.36 a	1.99 ± 0.43 c	3.50 ± 0.24 b	2.31 ± 0.09 c	2.77 ± 0.32 bc

Data were expressed as mean ± SME (n = 5/group, triplicate). Means in the same raw with different superscripts are significantly different (p < 0.05). MDA, malondialdehyde; NO, nitric oxide; GSH, reduced glutathione; SOD, superoxide dismutase.

^aMeans in the same raw with different superscripts are significantly different (p < 0.05).

^bMeans in the same raw with different superscripts are significantly different (p < 0.05).

^cMeans in the same raw with different superscripts are significantly different (p < 0.05).

^dMeans in the same raw with different superscripts are significantly different (p < 0.05).