Table 4.
Change in Participants’ Assessment - Skin Quality
| Parameters | Day 0 – Day 28 | Day 0 – Day 56 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BFKE (n=29) | Placebo (n=30) | p-value (Between Groups) | BFKE (n=29) | Placebo (n=30) | p-value (Between Groups) | |
| Skin Smoothness | ||||||
| Mean | 1.45 | 0.50 | 0.0065 (U) | 2.38 | 1.13 | 0.0030 (U) |
| 95% C.I. of Mean | (0.88, 2.02) | (0.05, 0.95) | (1.77, 2.99) | (0.48, 1.78) | ||
| SD | 1.50 | 1.20 | 1.61 | 1.74 | ||
| Median | 1.00 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 1.00 | ||
| p-value (within group) | <0.0001 (W) | 0.0373 (W) | <0.0001 (W) | 0.0009 (W) | ||
| Skin Texture | ||||||
| Mean | 1.83 | 0.83 | 0.0284 (U) | 2.72 | 1.43 | 0.0072 (U) |
| 95% C.I. of Mean | (1.14, 2.52) | (0.34, 1.32) | (2.02, 3.43) | (0.67, 2.20) | ||
| SD | 1.81 | 1.32 | 1.85 | 2.05 | ||
| Median | 1.00 | 1.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 | ||
| p-value (within group) | <0.0001 (W) | 0.0016 (W) | <0.0001 (W) | <0.0001 (W) | ||
| Skin Firmness | ||||||
| Mean | 1.31 | 0.53 | 0.0189 (U) | 2.28 | 0.87 | 0.0157 (T) |
| 95% C.I. of Mean | (0.64, 1.99) | (0.13, 0.93) | (1.47, 3.08) | (0.04, 1.70) | ||
| SD | 1.77 | 1.07 | 2.12 | 2.22 | ||
| Median | 1.00 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 | ||
| p-value (within group) | 0.0002 (W) | 0.0135 (W) | <0.0001 (T) | 0.0414 (T) | ||
| Skin Hydration | ||||||
| Mean | 1.52 | 0.00 | 0.0004 (U) | 2.83 | 0.63 | <0.0001 (U) |
| 95% C.I. of Mean | (1.03, 2.00) | (−0.65, 0.65) | (2.26, 3.39) | (−0.01, 1.28) | ||
| SD | 1.27 | 1.74 | 1.49 | 1.73 | ||
| Median | 1.00 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 0.00 | ||
| p-value (within group) | <0.0001 (W) | 0.9834 (W) | <0.0001 (W) | 0.0661 (W) | ||
| Skin Radiance | ||||||
| Mean | 1.48 | 0.87 | 0.0276 (U) | 2.72 | 1.60 | 0.0180 (U) |
| 95% C.I. of Mean | (0.96, 2.01) | (0.33, 1.40) | (2.01, 3.44) | (0.90, 2.30) | ||
| SD | 1.38 | 1.43 | 1.87 | 1.87 | ||
| Median | 1.00 | 1.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 | ||
| p-value (within group) | <0.0001 (W) | 0.0015 (W) | <0.0001 (W) | <0.0001 (W) | ||
| Skin Freshness | ||||||
| Mean | 1.52 | 0.90 | 0.0376 (U) | 2.59 | 1.30 | 0.0091 (U) |
| 95% C.I. of Mean | (0.84, 2.20) | (0.37, 1.43) | (1.81, 3.36) | (0.71, 1.89) | ||
| SD | 1.79 | 1.42 | 2.04 | 1.58 | ||
| Median | 1.00 | 0.50 | 3.00 | 1.00 | ||
| p-value (within group) | <0.0001 (W) | 0.0007 (W) | <0.0001 (W) | <0.0001 (W) | ||
| Skin Luminescence | ||||||
| Mean | 1.83 | 0.83 | 0.0172 (U) | 3.31 | 1.43 | 0.0018 (T) |
| 95% C.I. of Mean | (1.18, 2.48) | (0.20, 1.47) | (2.59, 4.03) | (0.52, 2.35) | ||
| SD | 1.71 | 1.70 | 1.89 | 2.46 | ||
| Median | 2.00 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 | ||
| p-value (within group) | <0.0001 (W) | 0.0156 (W) | <0.0001 (T) | 0.0034 (T) | ||
| Skin Homogeneity | ||||||
| Mean | 1.52 | 0.53 | 0.0261 (U) | 2.86 | 1.40 | 0.0036 (U) |
| 95% C.I. of Mean | (0.86, 2.17) | (−0.08, 1.14) | (2.20, 3.53) | (0.58, 2.22) | ||
| SD | 1.72 | 1.63 | 1.75 | 2.19 | ||
| Median | 1.00 | 0.00 | 3.00 | 1.00 | ||
| p-value (within group) | <0.0001 (W) | 0.1151 (W) | <0.0001 (W) | 0.0014 (W) | ||
Abbreviations: n, Number of participants; SD, Standard Deviation; C.I., Confidence Interval; T, p value was calculated using paired t-test; W, p value was calculated using Wilcoxon Signed Rank test; U, p value was calculated using Mann Whitney U-test.