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. 2022 Sep 28;16:100442. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100442

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© 2022 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 3 — Oxygen-irrelevant free radical-generating ability of F/A@P and the mechanism of ER stress in vitro. (a) UV–vis spectrum of oxidized TMB in different groups after AMF actuation for 400 s (inset: digital photos of the TMB solutions). (b) UV–vis spectrum of oxidized TMB after treatment with F/A@P under different AMF actuation times (inset: digital photos of the TMB solutions). (c) Absorbance curves of oxidized TMB based on a) and b). (d) Typical DCF fluorescence images of ROS levels in 4T1 cells after various treatments (scale bars: 50 μm). (e) Intracellular ROS levels after different treatments analyzed by FCM and (f) the corresponding quantitative analyses of ROS levels. (g) Intracellular GSH levels after different treatments. (h) Representative immunoblot results of various protein expression levels from each group. (i) Corresponding quantitative analyses of the ratios of p-PERK/GAPDH, ATF4/GAPDH and CHOP/GAPDH based on h). (The data are shown as the mean ± SD, n = 3 per group; n.s. represents no significance, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 in comparison with the control group, ##p < 0.01 in comparison with the ICG + laser group).