Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients in the development and validation cohort
| Characteristic | Development cohort | Validation cohort |
|---|---|---|
| n = (183) | n = (78) | |
| No. (%) or Mean ± sd | No. (%) or Mean ± sd | |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 136 (74.32%) | 57 (73.08%) |
| Female | 47 (25.68%) | 21 (26.92%) |
| Age (years) | 61.55 ± 12.20 | 62.71 ± 10.32 |
| Smoking | ||
| Yes | 114 (62.30%) | 50 (64.10%) |
| No | 69 (37.70%) | 28 (35.90%) |
| Alcohol drink | ||
| Yes | 57 (31.15%) | 21 (26.92%) |
| No | 126 (68.85%) | 57 (73.08%) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||
| < 18.00 | 8 (4.37%) | 6 (7.69%) |
| 18.00–24.00 | 84 (45.90%) | 30 (38.46%) |
| > 24.00 | 91 (49.73%) | 42 (53.85%) |
| Number of nodules | ||
| ≤ 3 | 117(63.93%) | 52(66.67%) |
| > 3 | 66(36.07%) | 26(33.33%) |
| TNM stagea | ||
| I | 44 (24.04%) | 28 (35.90%) |
| II | 33 (18.03%) | 13 (16.67%) |
| III | 48 (26.23%) | 25 (32.05%) |
| IV | 58 (31.70%) | 12 (15.38%) |
| Treatment | ||
| Surgery | 99 (54.10%) | 49 (62.82%) |
| Chemotherapy | 84 (45.90%) | 29 (37.18%) |
| WBC (109/L) | 7.78 ± 2.96 | 7.59 ± 2.77 |
| Neutrophils (109/L) | 5.06 ± 2.65 | 4.97 ± 2.48 |
| Lymphocyte (109/L) | 1.80 ± 0.73 | 1.83 ± 0.61 |
| Monocyte (10 9/L) | 0.93 ± 3.00 | 0.57 ± 0.25 |
| Platelet (10 9/L) | 246.01 ± 102.92 | 227.88 ± 86.42 |
| HGB (g/L) | 134.19 ± 21.81 | 136.37 ± 17.88 |
| NLR | 3.28 ± 2.70 | 3.01 ± 1.63 |
| RBC (10 9/L) | 4.58 ± 0.70 | 4.57 ± 0.63 |
| LMR | 3.29 ± 1.57 | 3.66 ± 1.65 |
| PLR | 153.56 ± 84.48 | 137.95 ± 70.84 |
| APTT (s) | 28.12 ± 5.00 | 27.7 ± 4.16 |
| Fbg (g/L) | 3.71 ± 1.29 | 3.35 ± 0.97 |
| PT (s) | 11.98 ± 1.28 | 12.98 ± 12.53 |
| TT (s) | 18.63 ± 1.53 | 18.62 ± 1.55 |
| TP (g/L) | 73.21 ± 6.95 | 73.42 ± 5.48 |
| ALB (g/L) | 40.60 ± 5.45 | 42.42 ± 4.21 |
| ALP (U/L) | 152.07 ± 127.84 | 154.43 ± 245.92 |
| ALT (U/L) | 59.30 ± 198.73 | 48.51 ± 59.70 |
| AST (U/L) | 68.71 ± 162.13 | 58.86 ± 97.39 |
| SLR | 1.48 ± 0.94 | 1.36 ± 1.01 |
| CRE (μmol/L) | 72.85 ± 20.27 | 71.16 ± 19.11 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 24.58 ± 41.53 | 17.38 ± 32.88 |
| CHO (mmol/L) | 5.23 ± 2.38 | 5.87 ± 8.84 |
| APOA (g/L) | 1.16 ± 0.35 | 1.42 ± 1.75 |
| APOB (g/L) | 1.03 ± 0.38 | 0.97 ± 0.28 |
| ABR | 1.28 ± 0.60 | 1.64 ± 2.34 |
| LDH (U/L) | 263.24 ± 224.22 | 250.79 ± 209.46 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 3.35 ± 1.79 | 3.13 ± 1.19 |
| HDL (U/L) | 1.16 ± 0.43 | 1.20 ± 0.32 |
| AI (g/L) | 4.01 ± 2.99 | 3.87 ± 5.66 |
| LHR | 3.20 ± 1.97 | 2.72 ± 1.08 |
| Cys-C (mg/L) | 1.03 ± 0.22 | 0.99 ± 0.24 |
| CEA (ng/mL) | 117.03 ± 1364.80 | 13.56 ± 65.19 |
| AFP (ng/mL) | 11,851.07 ± 31,860.00 | 8482.72 ± 28,890.22 |
| CA199 (U/mL) | 201.12 ± 1507.19 | 411.82 ± 2134.85 |
| PNI | 49.61 ± 7.37 | 51.59 ± 5.94 |
BMI body mass index, TNM Tumor Node Metastasis stage, Rad radiotherapy, Che chemotherapy, WBC white blood cell, HGB hemoglobin, NLR neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, RBC red blood cell count, LMR lymphocyte/monocyte ratio, PLR platelet/lymphocyte ratio, APTT activated partial thromboplastin time, Fbg fibrinogen, PT prothrombin time, TT thrombin time, TP total protein, ALB albumin, ALP alkaline phosphatase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, SLR AST/ALT ratio, CRE creatinine, CRP C-reactive protein, CHO cholesterol, APOA apolipoprotein AI, APOB apolipoprotein B, ABR APOA/APOB ratio, LDH lactic dehydrogenase, LDL low density lipoprotein, HDL high density lipoprotein, AI (TC − HDL-C)/HDL-C, LHR LDL/HDL ratio, Cys-C cystatin C, CEA carcinoembryonic antigen, AFP alpha-fetoprotein, CA199 Carbohydrate antigen 199, PNI prognostic nutritional index
aTNM stage was classified according to the AJCC 8th TNM staging system