Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of human monkeypox infection in West and Central Africa.
| Author [reference] | Breman [33] | Jezek [53] | Hutin [7] | CDC [54] | Formenty [55] | Yinka-Ogunleye [8] | Ogoina [40] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country (ies) | DRC, Liberia, Sierra leone, Nigeria, Ivory Coast | DRC (ex Zaire) | DRC (ex Zaire) | DRC (ex Zaire) | Sudan | Nigeria | Nigeria |
| Year | 1970–1979 | 1981–1986 | 1996–1997 | 1996–1997 | 2005–2006 | 2017–2018 | 2017–2018 |
| N° of cases/Confirmed/Probable cases | 47/37/10 | 338/NR/NR | 88/7/81 | 344/NR/NR | 19/10/9 | 122/118/4 | 40/NR/NR |
| Male gender (%) | 24 (51.1) | 182 (53.8) | 50 (56.8) | NR | 9 (47.4) | 84 (69) | 31 (77.5) |
| Age, median (range) | 4y (7 mo-40y) | 4.4y (3mo-69y) | 10y (1mo-62y) | NR | NR (8mo-32y) | 29 (2d-50y) | 32y (28d-54y) |
| Previous smallpox vaccination | 4 (8.5%) | 43 (13%) | 13/84 (15.5) | 39 (11.3) | NR | NR | NR |
| Rash (%) | 47 (100%) | 338 (100) | 82/82 (100) | 344 (100) | 19 (100) | 122 (100) | 40 (100) |
| Rash involvement | NR | NR | |||||
| *Face | 256 (75.7%) | 3/11 (27.3) | 68/71 (96) | 34/35 (97.5) | |||
| * Trunk | NR | 8/11 (72.7) | 56/70 (80) | 32/35 (92.5) | |||
| *Palms | 206 (60.9%) | 5/7 (71.4) | 3/11 (27.3) | 48/70 (69) | 19/35 (55) | ||
| * Soles of feet | 196 (58%) | 5/7 (71.4) | 3/11 (27.3) | 42/66 (64) | 17/35 (50) | ||
| *Genitalia | 88 (26%) | NR | 44/65 (68) | 24/35 (67.5) | |||
| Rash characteristic^ | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | ||
| * Monomorphic | 233/295 (79) | 25 (62.5) | |||||
| * Pleomorphic | 62/295 (21) | 15 (37.5) | |||||
| Diffusion, N° (%) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| *Centrifugal | 246/295 (83.4) | ||||||
| *Centripetal | 13/295 (4.4) | ||||||
| *Indefinite | 36/295 (12.2) | ||||||
| N° skin lesions (%) | NR | NR | NR | ||||
| *< 25 | 6 (12.7) | 22 (6.5) | - | ||||
| *26-99 | 18 (38.3) | 55 (16.3) | 3 (50) | 16 (40) | |||
| *> 100 | 23 (48.9) | 218 (66.5) | 3 (50) | 24 (60)§ | |||
| Fever | NR | NR | NR | NR | 16 (84.2) | 81/92 (88) | 36 (90) |
| Lymphadenopathy, N° (%) | 18 (38.3) | 164 (48.5) | 47/85 (55.3) | 237 (69) | 15 (79) | 45/65 (69) | 35 (87.5) |
| Case fatality rate (%) | 8 (17%) | 33 (9.7) | 3/81 (3.7) | 5 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 7 (5.7)* | 5 (12.5) |
List of abbreviations: DRC, Democratic Republic of Congo; NR, not reported; mo, months; y, year; d, days; * four patients had AIDS; § 17 patients had 101-1000 lesions, 7 patients >1000 lesions; ^ monomorphic indicates similar size and appearance, pleomorphic indicates different sizes and appearance.