Table 3.
Epidemiology, characteristics, clinical presentation and outcome of patients with monxeypox infection in non-endemic countries.
| Country/Year/Ref | N° | Sex | Age | Exposure risk | Type of exposure* | Incubation | Respiratory symptoms | GI symptoms | Systemic illness | Number of lesions | Fever | Specific Treatment | Duration | Adverse events | Post exposure vaccination | Hospitalized | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| USA/2003/13,31 | 47 (37 confirmed and 10 probable) | 25 (53.2%) F 22 (46.8%)M |
11 (23.4%) <18 years | Prairie dogs exposed to imported animals from Ghana | Noninvasive 30 (63.8%) Complex 17 (36.2%) |
9–13 days | 39 (83%) pronounced 8 (17%) mild |
14 (29.8%) | Pronounced 30 (72.3%) Mild 17 (26.7%) |
</ = 25 22 (46.8%) 26-100 13 (27.7%) 101-249 2 (4%) >/ = 250 3 (6.4%) |
31 (66%) | None | NA | NA | None | 14 (29.8%) | Recovered |
| UK/2018/60 | 2 | 2 M | Age range 30–40 years | Travel from Nigeria, bush meat possible for one case | Noninvasive | Unknown | NR | NR | Mild in both patients | Unknown, vesiculopustular rash present in both cases, lymphadenopathy | Yes | BCV 200 mg orally | One dose in one case and 2 dose in onother | Increase in liver enzyme in both patients (ALT peak 331 IU/L and 550 IU/L) | None | Yes | Recovered |
| Israel/2018/15 | 1 | M | 38 years | Rodent carcasses in Nigeria | Noninvasive | 12 days | NR | NR | Mild | Unknown, vesiculopustular rash present, lymphadenopathy | Yes | NR | NR | NR | NR | Yes | Recovered |
| Singapore 2019/17 | 1 | M | 38 years | Travel to Nigeria and attended a wedding and eat bushmeat | Noninvasive | 9 days | NR | NR | Mild | Unknown, vesiculopustular rash present, lymphadenopathy | Yes | None | NA | NA | None | Yes | Recovered |
| UK/2021/61 | 3 | 2 M 1 F |
18 months and age range 30–40 years | Travel to Nigeria (index case), family cluster | Noninvasive | Index case unknow Secondary cases 19 and 14 days |
NR | NR | Mild 3 | Unknown, vesiculopustular rash, lymphadenopathy in one adult case and in the baby | None | TCV 600 mg twice orally in one case | 2 weeks | None | None | Yes | Recovered |
| USA/2021/16 | 1 | M | Middle aged | Travel to Nigeria, large social gathering | Noninvasive | Unknown | Yes | Yes | Mild | Unknown, vesiculopustular rash | Yes | TCV | Not specified | NR | None | Yes | Recovered |
| USA/2021/18 | 1 | M | 28 years | Travel to Nigeria | Noninvasive | Unknown | NR | NR | Mild | Unknown, vesiculopustular rash present, lymphadenopathy | Yes | None | NA | NA | None | Yes | Recovered |
| UK/2018/14 | 1 | F | Age range 30–40 | Secondary exposure during healthcare in UK | Noninvasive | 18 days | NR | NR | Mild | 32 lesions | No | BCV 200 mg orally |
2 dose | Increase in liver enzyme (ALT peak 127 IU/L), nausea and abdominal discomfort | Modified vaccina Ankara 6 days post-exposure | Yes | Recovered |
List of abbreviations: BCV, brincidofovir; NR, not reported; NA, not available; TCV, tecovirimat; GI, gastrointestinal.