Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Characteristic | Controls (n = 72) | Cases (n = 89) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | |
| Age at assessment (months) | 38.6 | 2.0 | 38.1 | 1.8 |
| Hollingshead Socioeconomic Status | 38.3 | 14.5 | 35.8 | 13.7 |
| N | % | N | % | |
|
| ||||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 31 | 43.1 | 56 | 62.9 |
| Female | 41 | 56.9 | 33 | 37.1 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 42 | 58.3 | 69 | 77.5 |
| Black/African American | 4 | 5.6 | 1 | 1.1 |
| Asian | 0 | 0.0 | 6 | 6.7 |
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 3 | 4.2 | 2 | 2.2 |
| Other race | 4 | 5.6 | 2 | 2.2 |
| Multiracial | 19 | 26.4 | 7 | 7.9 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 27 | 39.1 | 49 | 56.3 |
| Not Hispanic/Latino | 42 | 60.9 | 38 | 43.7 |
| Language | ||||
| English | 56 | 77.8 | 60 | 67.4 |
| Spanish | 6 | 8.3 | 7 | 7.9 |
| Combination English/Spanish | 10 | 13.9 | 22 | 24.7 |
| CBCL Respondent | ||||
| Mother | 65 | 90.3 | 78 | 87.6 |
| Father | 6 | 8.3 | 8 | 9.0 |
| Other | 1 | 1.4 | 3 | 3.4 |
| Phenotype (cases only) | ||||
| Microtia only | - | - | 27 | 30.3 |
| Microtia with mandibular hypoplasia | - | - | 46 | 51.7 |
| Other CFM-associated features | - | - | 16 | 18.0 |
| Hearing Loss | ||||
| None | - | - | 16 | 18.0 |
| Unilateral | - | - | 68 | 76.4 |
| Bilateral | - | - | 5 | 5.6 |
| Study Site | ||||
| Children’s Hospital Los Angeles | 7 | 9.7 | 37 | 41.6 |
| Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia | 5 | 6.9 | 1 | 1.1 |
| Seattle Children’s Hospital | 48 | 66.7 | 29 | 32.6 |
| University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill | 6 | 8.3 | 12 | 13.5 |
| University of Illinois, Chicago | 6 | 8.3 | 10 | 11.2 |
| Developmental Interventions | ||||
| Physical Therapy | 1 | 1.4 | 9 | 10.1 |
| Occupational Therapy | 4 | 5.6 | 8 | 9.0 |
| Developmental Services | 2 | 2.8 | 10 | 11.2 |
| Speech, Language, or Hearing Services | 7 | 9.7 | 61 | 68.5 |
Abbreviations: CBCL, Child Behavior Check List; CFM, craniofacial microsomia; SD, standard deviation