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. 2022 Oct 3;8:37. doi: 10.1038/s41540-022-00247-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Interactions among genomic, proteomic and transcriptomic levels reveal the regulatory process within organisms. Drug molecules intervene in this process by binding with specific target ligands. These omics data and chemical molecules are required to be analyzed simultaneously to study the entire disease mechanisms and drug reaction.