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. 2022 Oct 3;2022(10):CD013337. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013337.pub2

Comparison 4. Topiramate versus placebo/no‐pharmacological weight gain prevention treatment.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
4.1 Weight: average endpoint/change in body weight 3 168 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐4.82 [‐9.99, 0.35]
4.2 Weight: average endpoint/change in body mass index 2 120 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.68 [‐4.10, ‐1.26]
4.3 Leaving the study early: for any reason 2 132 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.09 [0.85, 1.41]
4.4 Reports of nausea 2 120 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.20 [0.26, 5.44]
4.5 Mental state 2   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
4.5.1 Average score: PANSS general psychopathology scale (higher = worse) 2 120 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.53 [‐2.16, ‐0.90]
4.5.2 Average score: PANSS positive (higher = worse) 2 120 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.46 [‐1.02, 0.09]
4.5.3 Average score: PANSS negative (higher = worse) 2 120 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.35 [‐0.79, 0.08]
4.5.4 Average score: PANSS total (higher = worse) 2 120 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.08 [‐3.07, ‐1.10]
4.6 Adverse effects 2   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
4.6.1 Gastrointestinal: constipation 1 67 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.21 [0.03, 1.67]
4.6.2 Gastrointestinal: dry mouth 2 120 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.61 [0.27, 1.37]
4.6.3 Gastrointestinal: increased appetite 2 120 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.26 [0.10, 0.66]
4.6.4 Gastrointestinal: nausea/vomiting/diarrhoea 1 67 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 3.09 [0.34, 28.23]
4.6.5 Gastrointestinal: weight gain 2 120 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.14 [0.07, 0.26]
4.6.6 Neurological: asthenia 1 67 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.37, 2.20]
4.6.7 Neurological: concentration/attention/memory difficulty 2 120 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 8.97 [1.17, 68.63]
4.6.8 Neurological: dizziness 2 120 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.41 [0.18, 0.91]
4.6.9 Neurological: fatigue 2 120 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.02 [0.53, 1.96]
4.6.10 Neurological: insomnia 1 67 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.52 [0.05, 5.41]
4.6.11 Neurological: paraesthesia 1 67 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 7.21 [0.39, 134.32]
4.6.12 Neurological: psychomotor slowing 1 67 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 9.26 [0.52, 165.60]
4.6.13 Neurological: somnolence 1 67 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.23 [0.88, 1.70]
4.7 Physiological: cardiovascular measures 1   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
4.7.1 Cardiovascular measure: diastolic blood pressure [mm Hg] 1 67 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐3.47 [‐6.12, ‐0.82]
4.7.2 Cardiovascular measure: systolic blood pressure [mm Hg] 1 67 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐4.62 [‐8.14, ‐1.10]
4.8 Physiological: laboratory measures 2   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
4.8.1 Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) 2 120 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐9.22 [‐12.59, ‐5.86]
4.8.2 HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) 2 120 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.36 [‐1.59, 2.31]
4.8.3 Insulin (ulU/mL) 1 67 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.04 [‐3.66, 3.58]
4.8.4 Insulin resistance Index 1 67 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.27 [‐1.10, 0.56]
4.8.5 LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) 2 120 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐7.99 [‐21.82, 5.84]
4.8.6 Leptin (ng/mL) 1 67 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐3.84 [‐8.52, 0.84]
4.8.7 Total cholesterol (mg/dL) 2 120 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐11.69 [‐31.86, 8.48]
4.8.8 Triglycerides (mg/dl) 2 120 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐5.12 [‐18.70, 8.46]
4.8.9 VLDL cholesterol (mg/dL) 1 67 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.30 [‐6.09, 3.49]