TABLE 6. Model Performance on Validation and Testing Datasets (AECOPD).

Validation	Accuracy	Sensitivity	Specificity	Precision	F1
DNN	0.921	0.904	0.940	0.943	0.923
Random forest	0.914	0.877	0.955	0.955	0.914
Decision tree	0.792	0.712	0.881	0.867	0.782
Testing	Accuracy	Sensitivity	Specificity	Precision	F1
Deep neural network	0.724	0.625	0.783	0.633	0.629
Random forest	0.804	0.689	0.811	0.686	0.680
Decision tree	0.705	0.524	0.814	0.628	0.571